Te Kōwhiringa o ngā Pūrere Parenga Ngaru Te Kōwhiringa mō ngā Pūnaha PV - Te Tāutanga o ngā SPD
1. Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki te Tāutanga SPD
Ko ngā ngaohiko nui rawa atu i roto i ngā pūnaha photovoltaic (PV) o runga o te tuanui ka puta mai i ngā whiunga uira tika (i runga, i te taha rānei o te whare, i ngā taputapu PV rānei me te LPS), te ngaohiko i puta mai i ngā huringa o te mara hiko e pā ana ki te uira, ngā mahi whakawhiti rānei i roto i ngā whatunga tohatoha hiko AC/DC. Hei aromatawai i te hiahia mō te tiaki ngaru me te whakatau i te rautaki tiaki tika, me whakamahi te ngaohiko ātete nekehanga kua whakatauria (Uw) o te taputapu hei tohutoro. Ki te kore e tohua tētahi atu mea e te aromatawai mōrearea, me tāuta ngā SPD ki ngā taha DC me AC o te pūnaha PV.
Ko ngā taputapu i roto i tētahi pūnaha PV e hiahia ana kia tiakina ko:
Ngā kaitahuri, tae atu ki ngā atanga ki te pūnaha AC ngaohiko iti me te pūnaha DC, ngā huinga PV, ngā waea o roto o te pūnaha PV, ngā wāhanga kua tāutahia i waenga i te kaitahuri me ngā huinga PV, pērā i ngā pouaka whakakotahi; ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana mō te aroturuki me te whakahaere i te pūnaha PV.
E ai ki te IEC 61643-12 me ngā wāhanga e pā ana ki te GB/T 21714, ko te kōwhiringa me te tāutanga o ngā SPD mō ngā pūnaha PV e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga maha. Kei roto i ēnei ko te kiato uira whenua (NG) [1/km²·tau] te maha toharite rānei o ngā rā whatitiri ia tau (T), ngā āhuatanga o te pūnaha tuku hiko ngaohiko iti (hei tauira, ngā raina runga, ngā taura raro whenua rānei) me te āhua o ngā taputapu e tiakina ana, ahakoa kua tāutahia he Pūnaha Tiaki Uira o waho (LPS) hei tiaki i te pūnaha PV mai i ngā pānga uira tika.
Mena kei reira he LPS o waho, ka pāngia ngā whakaritenga SPD e te taumata tiaki (Akomanga) o te LPS me te pupuri tonu i te tawhiti wehenga e hiahiatia ana (S) i waenga i te LPS me te pūnaha PV (LPS motuhake, LPS kore-motuhake rānei).
2. Te awe o ngā whirihoranga LPS o waho rerekē ki te parenga uira mō ngā pūnaha PV
Ko te tāutanga SPD mō ngā pūnaha PV tuanui e toru ngā wāhanga, i runga i te aroaro me te momo LPS o waho:
(1) Ngā Pūnaha PV Kāore he LPS o Waho
E ai ki te hoahoa (kāore i roto i tēnei), ki te kore te whare e whai pūnaha tiaki uira o waho, me tāuta ngā SPD i runga i te putanga o te aromatawai mōrearea uira. E taunakihia ana kia tāutahia ngā taputapu tiaki ngaru hiko ki ngā taha AC me DC hei tiaki i ngā wāhanga PV nui.
Mō te taha DC, me tāuta he Momo 2 DC SPD (e kiia nei ko DC1) tata ki te pouaka whakakotahi PV, ki te rarangi PV rānei (mēnā kāore he pouaka whakakotahi e whakamahia ana). Ka tiakina e tēnei SPD te whare mai i ngā ngaru o waho e tukuna ana mā roto i ngā taura PV, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka tāutahia i muri tata mai i te urunga o ngā taura PV ki roto i te whare. Me tāuta tētahi atu Momo 2 DC SPD (e kiia nei ko DC2) tata ki te tāuru DC o te inverter. Mēnā he iti iho i te 10 mita te roa o te taura i waenga i te DC1 me te inverter, ka kore pea e tāpirihia te DC1.
Mō te taha AC, ka tūtohutia he Momo 2 AC SPD (e kiia ana ko AC1) ki te tomokanga matua AC, kei te nuinga o te wā kei te papa tohatoha matua. Ka tiaki tēnei taputapu i ngā ngaru e puta mai ana i te whatunga ratonga. Ko te hiahia mō te AC1 i roto i tētahi pūnaha kāore he parenga uira o waho e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hua o te aromatawai mōrearea uira. Hei tiaki i te inverter utu nui, ka tāutahia he Momo 2 AC SPD (e kiia ana ko AC2) ki te taha o te putanga AC o te inverter. Mena he iti iho i te 10 mita te roa o te taura i waenga i te AC1 me te AC2, ka waiho pea te AC2. Tirohia te ripanga whirihoranga mō ngā aratohu taipitopito.
(2) Ngā Pūnaha PV me ngā LPS o Waho e Tutuki ana i te Tawhiti Wehenga e Hiahiatia ana (LPS Wehewehe)
E ai ki te hoahoa, ina he pūnaha ārai uira o waho tō te whare (pēnei i ngā tokotoko whakamutu hau, i ngā rīpene rānei) ā, e tiakina ana te arai PV o te tuanui e tēnei pūnaha me te pupuri i te tawhiti wehewehe tika, ka kiia te pūnaha PV kua rite ki tētahi LPS motuhake. Ahakoa i tēnei take, me tāuta tonu ngā SPD.
Mō ngā pūnaha he LPS motuhake, he rite te whakatakotoranga SPD ki ngā pūnaha kāore he parenga uira o waho. Me tāuta he Momo 2 DC SPD tata ki te pouaka whakakotahi, ki te taha rānei o te rarangi PV mēnā kāore he pouaka whakakotahi e whakamahia ana. Me whakanoho tētahi atu Momo 2 DC SPD tata ki te taha DC o te inverter, me tētahi Momo 2 AC SPD tata ki te taha AC o te inverter. Heoi, nā te mea ka hono te pūnaha PV ki roto, ki waho hoki i te whare, me hiahiatia hoki he Momo 1 AC SPD ki te papa tohatoha AC matua kei reira te mana whakahaere e tomo ana ki te whare. Tirohia te ripanga whirihoranga mō ngā aratohu tahora taipitopito.
(3) Ngā Pūnaha PV me ngā LPS o Waho Kāore e Tutuki i te Tawhiti Wehenga e Hiahiatia ana (LPS Kāore i Wehea)
I roto i ngā pūnaha PV tuanui, ina tata rawa ngā panera ki te pūnaha tiaki uira o waho (LPS) ā, kāore e taea te tutuki i te tawhiti haumaru e hiahiatia ana, me hono ngā wāhanga whakarewa katoa o te pūnaha PV ki te LPS kia tika ai te hononga pūmau o te uira. Koinei te huarahi noa e whakamahia ana mō te tiaki uira tuanui. I roto i tēnei whakatakotoranga, ka rite ngā taura AC me DC ki ngā kaiārahi whakarara i roto i te pūnaha hononga, ko te tikanga ka pāngia tika rātou e te ia uira. Koia te take e taunaki ana te IEC kia whakamahia ngā taputapu tiaki ngaru Momo 1 (SPD)—te nuinga o te wā me ngā SPD Momo 2—i ngā wāhi matua o te pūnaha: te wāhi e tomo ai ngā taura PV ki te whare, me ngā taha AC me DC o ngā taputapu nui pēnei i te inverter.
E ai ki te hoahoa, me tāuta te DC1 kia tata rawa atu ki te pouaka whakakotahi, ki te taha rānei o te PV array mēnā kāore he pouaka whakakotahi. Me whakanoho te DC2 me te AC2 ki te taha o te inverter kia pai ake ai te tiaki. I te nuinga o te wā, e hiahiatia ana te AC1 (i te papa matua) me te AC2 (e tata ana ki te inverter). Engari mēnā kei roto te inverter i te papa matua, ā, he rite tonu te whenua o te taura, he iti iho i te 0.5 mita te roa, kāore pea e hiahiatia te AC2. Ka taea e koe te tirotiro i te ripanga mō ngā aratohu tāutanga taipitopito.
1：Ka taea te waiho i te DC1 i raro i ngā tikanga e whai ake nei: Mena he iti iho i te 10 mita te roa o te taura i waenga i te DC1 me te inverter, ā, he iti iho i te 0.8 ngā wā o te ngaohiko ātete ine (Uw) o te PV array, he ōrite rānei ki te 0.8 ngā wā o te ngaohiko ātete ine (Uw) kua whakatauria; mena he iti iho i te 0.5 ngā wā o te Uw, he ōrite rānei ki te 0.5 ngā wā o te Uw o te AC2, ā, kei te tata te arataki PE (whenua tiaki) ki ngā taura DC.
2：Ka taea te waiho i te AC2 i raro i ngā tikanga e whai ake nei: Mena he iti iho i te 10 mita te roa o te taura i waenga i te AC1 me te AC2; mena rānei he rite te hiko whenua o te inverter me te papa tohatoha matua, ā, kāore e roa ake i te 0.5 mita te roa o ia taura hononga SPD—hei tauira, mena kei roto te inverter i te papa matua.
3：Te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga iti rawa mō ngā kaiārahi whenua SPD: Mō ngā SPD Momo 2, kaua e iti iho i te 6 mm² te kaiārahi whenua parahi; mō ngā SPD Momo 1, kaua e iti iho i te 16 mm².
Ko te whiriwhiri i ngā SPD taha-DC i roto i ngā pūnaha PV tuanui e whakawhirinaki ana ki te āhua o te tiaki i te whare mai i te uira me te āhua o te hononga o te pūnaha. E ai ki te ripanga whirihoranga me ngā paerewa IEC, me noho tonu he parenga ngaru i te taha DC o te inverter. Engari ko ngā SPD tāpiri e tata ana ki te pouaka whakakotahi—e tata ana rānei ki ngā panera PV mēnā kāore he pouaka whakakotahi—ka hiahiatia anake mēnā he roa ake te taura i waenga i ngā panera me te inverter i te 10 mita.
Ahakoa rā, ehara tēnei i te mea e mahia ana i ngā wāhi katoa. I ētahi whenua—hei tauira, ko Tiamana—he rerekē rawa ngā ture. I reira, ka tāutahia tonutia te parenga ngaru DC i te taha tonu o ngā panera PV, ā, me tāpiri noa tētahi ki te taha o te inverter mēnā he neke atu i te 10 mita te roa o te taura.