Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te parenga ngaru e toru-wāhanga pai rawa atu?
Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te parenga ngaru e toru-wāhanga pai rawa atu?
I ngaro i ahau tētahi papa CNC $40,000 nā te mea i mahue i ahau tētahi SPD $200. Nā taua wero i ako ahau ki te whiriwhiri i te mea tika.
Ka whiriwhiria e au tētahi SPD toru-wāhanga mā te tirotiro i ōna Uc, In, Imax, Iimp, Up, whare, me ngā tiwhikete. Me ōrite te waeine ki taku ngaohiko pūnaha, me te whakahaere i taku ngaru kino rawa atu, me te uru ki taku panera.
Pānuihia tonu, ā, māku e whakaatu ki a koe te rārangi arowhai tika ka hoatu e au ki ngā kaihoko katoa e tono mai ana i tētahi whakatau utu.
He aha te Kaitiaki Ngaru Ā-Wāhanga-3?
E mano tini ngā pouaka nei ka tukuna e au i ia marama, engari he maha tonu ngā kaihoko e pātai mai ana he aha ngā mea kei roto.
He pouaka whakarewa te parenga ngaru toru-wāhanga kei roto ngā momo whakawhiti waikura whakarewa me ngā ngongo hau. Ka nekehia e ia te ngaohiko tāpiri ki te whenua kia kore ai te ngaru e tae atu ki aku motuka, puku, PLC rānei.
Me pēhea taku whakaingoa i ngā wāhanga o roto
Ka whakatuwherahia e au tētahi o ā mātou waeine Leikexing i runga i taku paepae. Ka kite koe i ētahi atu momo hiko e toru, e whā rānei e honoa ana i waenga i te L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L1, me ia aho ki te whenua. Kei runga i ia kōpae momo hiko he fiusi wera iti. Ki te wera rawa te kōpae, ka whati te fiusi, ā, ka puta he haki whero. Mā tēnei haki ka puta he tohu tere mō te haere/te kore haere ina hikoi au i te rarangi panera.
He aha ahau i whiriwhiri ai i te aratau 3+1 mō te nuinga o ngā tipu
E whakahaere ana taku kiritaki Tiamana i ngā whatunga TN-S 400 V. Ka tono ia i te aratau 3+1: e toru ngā varistor mō te raina-ki-te-raina, kotahi mō te N-PE. Ka homai e tēnei aratau he parenga ōrite ki ahau i te āhua me te kore-pūmau. Mena i whakamahia e au te aratau-3 anake, ka taea tonu e te ngaru kore-pūmau te pā ki tana PLC. He iti ake te utu tāpiri $8 i te kotahi hāora o te wā whakatā.
Te āhua o taku pānui i te tapanga i roto i ngā hēkona tekau
Ka ako au i ngā kaihoko ki te pānui i te tapanga me te huripokitia i te wā e mau tonu ana te waeine i roto i te kātene. Rapua ēnei tau e rima:
| Tohu tapanga | He aha tāna e kī mai ana ki ahau | Taku ture tere |
| Uc | Ngaohiko tonu mōrahi | 275 V mō ngā pūnaha 230 V, 385 V mō te 400 V |
| I roto | Te pikinga ingoa | 20 kA mō ia wāhanga te iti rawa o taku tipu |
| Imax | Te pikinga mōrahi | E rua ngā hua o te 40 kA - te tawhē haumaru pahikara |
| Iimp | Pupuhi uira | 12.5 kA mēnā he tokotoko uira kei te papaanga |
| Ki runga | Ngaohiko Tukua - puta |
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Mena kei te ngaro tetahi tau, ka tono ahau ki te kaiwhakarato mō tētahi pepa whakamātautau. Kāore he pepa, kāore he hoko.
Me pēhea te mahi a tētahi taputapu tiaki ngaru e toru-wāhanga?
Kei te maumahara tonu ahau ki te wā tuatahi i kite ai ahau i te ngaru 40 kA i runga i te oscilloscope. E piki haere ana te aho ngaohiko pērā i te rōkete.
He rite te mahi a taku SPD toru-wāhanga ki tētahi pana tere. Ina piki ake te ngaohiko raina ki runga ake i tōna taumata rawhi, ka heke te ātete varistor mai i te mega-ohm ki te ohm i roto i ngā nanohekona. Ka whakapotohia te ngaru ki te whenua, ā, ka tautuhi anō ina hoki te ngaohiko ki te noa.
Ko te pihi kōpiko ka tuhia e au mō ngā kaihoko
Ka tuhia e au tētahi rārangi māmā ki te papa mā. Kei te taha maui ko te 230 V RMS; kei te taha matau ko te 1 kV. Ka tuhia e au tētahi tihi papatahi i te 700 V. Ko taua rārangi papatahi ko te Up, arā, te let-through ngaohiko. Ko ngā mea katoa i runga ake i taua rārangi ka tahuna ki roto i te varistor, ehara i te mea i roto i tō puku. Ka kī atu ahau ki ngā kaihoko: "Ka kite noa tō puku i te mea kei raro iho i taua rārangi papatahi."
He aha te tere i pai ake ai i te rahi
Ka nui ake te kaha e pau ana i tētahi varistor nui, engari he puhoi ake anō hoki. E rua ngā waeine ka whakamātauria e au i te taha o tētahi: he kōpae 40 mm me tētahi kōpae 34 mm. Ka whakawhāitihia te waeine iti ki te 50 V nā te mea he poto ake ōna taura. Mō ngā puku servo ka whiriwhiria tonutia e au te kōpae iti ake, tere ake ahakoa he 5% te utu nui ake. Ka utua te wā whakatā kua penapenahia i roto i te kotahi wiki.
Te wāhi e whakatakotoria ai e au te here whenua
I toro atu ahau ki tētahi wāhi i te UK e pupuhi tonu ana i ngā SPD. I whakahaere te kaiwhakauru i tētahi waea whenua 10 mita te roa ki te pae matua. I tāpirihia e te inductance waea he 600 V ki te ngaohiko tuku-mā roto. I nekehia e ahau te whenua SPD ki tētahi pae parahi 50 mm² ā-rohe i te taha tonu o te panera. I te huihuinga ngaru i muri mai, kāore i pāngia ngā puku. He mea nui ake te tawhiti ki te whenua i te ingoa waitohu.
Te whakamahinga o ngā parenga ngaru ahumahi 3-wāhanga
I haere ahau ki roto i tētahi wheketere kai Wīwī i te marama kua taha ake nei. I mate ngā motuka kawe katoa i muri i te tupuhi. Kāore i whakamahia ngā SPD i runga i te whāngai MCC.
Ka tāutahia e au ngā SPD toru-wāhanga ki ngā whāngai matua, ki ngā papa iti, me te mīhini hoki. E 80% o te pūngao e tangohia ana e te wae matua, e 15% e tangohia ana e te wae papa iti, ā, ka penapenahia e te wae ā-rohe te PLC. Mā tēnei rerenga wai ka rere tonu taku raina 24/7.
Ngā paparanga e toru ka tuhia e au mō ia kaupapa
| Paparanga | Kei heaImount | ImaxIpick | Cashview |
| Matua | Papa whakawhiti LV matua | 100kA 8/20µs | $220 |
| Iti | Pokapū whakahaere motuka | 40 kA 8/20 µs | $85 |
| Ā-rohe | Whatanga puku, whatanga PLC rānei | 20 kA 8/20 µs | $35 |
Kei raro iho i te $400 te utu katoa mō te raina 500 kW. $3,200 te utu mō te kotahi VFD parai. Ko te ROI he 8:1 ahakoa kotahi noa te ngaru e pā ana i ia tau.
He aha ahau kāore ai e whakaranu i te SPD me te VFD i roto i te pouaka kotahi
Ko te wera te mea whakamate. Ka oma te VFD i te 60 °C i roto. Ka heke te pāmahana o te SPD ki te 1% mō ia 1 °C i runga ake i te 40 °C. Ki te tāutahia e au te SPD ki roto i te pouaka VFD, ka heke tōna whakatauranga 40 kA ki te 25 kA. Ka tāutahia e au ki te pakitara maui o waho, he āputa hau mārama 200 mm. Ka noho mātao tonu te waeine, ā, ka tutuki tonu i ahau te IP54 me te tuanui iti.
Me pēhea taku whakahaere i te pūngao rā i roto i te tipu kotahi
Kei te wāhi Wīwī kotahi anō te pūngao rā o te tuanui, he 200 kW te kaha. Ka whakahokia te hiko hurihuri ki te papa matua kotahi. Ka taea e ngā aho rā te whakahoki i ngā ngaru. Ka tāpirihia e au he DC SPD ki te whakakotahi aho me te AC SPD ki te putanga hurihuri. Ka tohaina e ngā waeine e rua te pae whenua kotahi me te SPD matua. Kotahi te whenua, kotahi te taumata rawhi, kāore he pakanga.
Te Kaupapa Mahi a te Kaitiaki Ngaru 3-Wāhanga
He pai ki ahau te pakaru i tētahi kōpae varistor ki te hama i muri i tana mahi. I roto ka kite koe i tētahi onepū uku pango. Ko taua onepū te toa.
Ka mahi taku SPD toru-wāhanga i runga i te wehenga ngaohiko. I raro i te 400 V noa, ka mahi te varistor pērā i te pana tuwhera. Ina hiki ake te ngaru i tētahi aho ki runga ake i te 700 V, ka piri te varistor ka wehewehe i te kaha ngaru i waenga i ngā ara raina-whenua me ngā ara raina-kore. Whai muri i te ngaru, ka hoki ki te ātete teitei ka tatari mō te pānga e whai ake nei.
Ko te rārangi wā nano-hekona ka tāia e au mā ngā kaihoko
| Wā | Takahanga | He aha taku e kite nei |
| 0 ns | Ka tae mai te ngaru nui | E whakaatu ana te whānuitanga i te pikinga 3 kV |
| 25 ns | Ka tahuri te Varistor | Ka heke te ngaohiko ki te 900 V |
| 100 ns | Ngā ahi ngongo hau | Ka heke te ngaohiko ki te 600 V |
| 1 µs | Pūngao i tukuna ki te whenua | Ka heke te au o nāianei ki te 80% |
| 50 µs | Ngā pito o te whai mana | Ka tautuhi anō a SPD |
Ka tāpirihia e au tēnei pepa ki roto i te tatau o te panera. He pai ki ngā kaimahi hiko nā te mea ka kite rātou he aha i kore ai te haki whero i pakū: kua tautuhia anō te waeine, nō reira he poto noa te ngaru.
He aha ahau i whiriwhiri ai i te 275 V Uc mō ngā pūnaha 230 V
Ka taea e te pūnaha 230 V te eke ki te 253 V i te rā paki. Mēnā ka whiriwhiria e au te 275 V Uc, ka 22 V taku tawhē. Ka homai e te 320 V Uc he tawhē 67 V ki ahau, engari ka piki te ngaohiko tuku-roto ki te 120 V. Ka whakaaetia e au te tawhē kikī ake hei tiki i te awhi iti iho. I roto i ngā tau tekau, kāore he haerenga teka i runga i ngā waeine 275 V. He pai te ariā, engari ko aku raraunga mara te toa.
Me pēhea taku whakamātautau i tētahi puranga i mua i tōna wehenga atu i taku wheketere
I hanga e au he taiwhanga ngaru 60 kA 8/20 µs i Wenzhou. Kotahi te tauira whakamātautau mō ia puranga. E toru ngā wā ka ngaruhia e au te waeine i te 60 kA, kātahi ka ine i te Up. Mena ka neke atu i te 10% te Up, ka whakakahoretia e au te puranga. Ka whiwhi ngā kaihoko i te pūrongo whakamātautau mā te īmēra i mua i te wehenga atu o te ipu i te tauranga. Ko taua pūrongo he rūrū ringa nāku.
4 Ngā Tohu Me Whakakapi e Koe tō SPD wāhanga-toru
I hikoi ahau i tētahi toa tunu taro o te UK i tērā tau. He mangu te matapihi o tā rātou SPD, engari i mea te kaiwhakahaere o te wheketere, "Kei te rama matomato tonu, nō reira me he pai." E rua wiki i muri mai ka para te oumu PLC.
Ka whakakapia e au taku SPD toru-wāhanga ina whero te matapihi, ina tuwhera te fiusi wera, ina pakaru te varistor, ina whakaatu rānei te pepa whakamātautau i te nekehanga Up neke atu i te 10%. Mā te tohu kotahi e tohu kāore te waeine e ārai i te ngaru e whai ake nei.
Ko te tirotiro tirohanga kotahi hēkona e whakaakona ana e au
Ka tono ahau ki ngā kaimahi hiko katoa kia mahi i tēnei: whakatuwheratia te panera, tirohia te matapihi SPD, katihia te panera. Mena kāore te matapihi i te kakariki, ka tuhia e ia te tau tohu SPD ki te papa ma. Ka tukuna e ahau ngā waeine tāpiri ki te rūma toa o te papa. E rima meneti te roa o te whakawhiti, kāore he taputapu. Ka rite mātou ki te whakawhiti i te pūangi rama.
Me pēhea te whakamahi i te mita rawhi mō te mau huna
I ētahi wā he kakariki tonu te matapihi, engari kua ngenge te varistor. Ka herea e au te waea whenua, ka whakakorikori i te aho ki te whakamātautau whakamahana 500 V. Mena kei raro iho i te 0.5 mA te ia whenua, kei te pai tonu te varistor. Ki te neke atu i te 2 mA, kua tīmata te turuturu. Ka tuhia e au te tau, ā, ka whakakapia te waeine i te wā e whai ake nei ka mutu te mahi. E rua meneti te roa o tēnei whakamātautau, ā, ka ārai i te waea mataku i te 2 i te ata.
Ko te tapanga rā e piri ana ahau ki ia waeine
Ka tāia e au tētahi tapanga iti me te rā tāuta me te waehere QR. Ka hono te waehere ki tētahi pepa Google. Ka whakaatuhia e te pepa te rā tāuta, te rā whakamātautau whakamutunga, me te rā kati e whai ake nei. Ina eke te waeine ki te rima tau, ka tukuna mai he īmēra e taku pūnaha ki ahau. Ka tukuna atu e au he karere ki te kaihoko: "E rima tau te pakeke o tō SPD inaianei. $85 tonu te utu. Me tāpiri e au kia rua ngā wahi ki tō ota e whai ake nei?" Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihoko ka pēhi i te "Whakautu Āe" i raro i te tekau hēkona.
Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i ngā SPD e toru-wāhanga pai?
Tata ki ia rā ka tae mai tēnei īmēra ki ahau: "E Jason, homai tō utu pai rawa atu." E ono aku pātai. Ina whakautu mai te kaihoko, ka tukuna atu e au he whakatau utu kotahi te rārangi. Ka kati te mahi i roto i te kotahi hāora.
Ka whiriwhiria e au te SPD toru-wāhanga tino pai mā te taurite i ngā tau e rima ki taku pūnaha: te ngaohiko, te iahiko poto-ara, te ngaru e tumanakohia ana, te IP āpiti, me te rārangi tiwhikete. Kātahi ka tono atu ahau ki te kaiwhakarato mō tētahi pepa whakamātautau me tētahi pūtāhui rima tau. Mena ka tae mai ngā mea e rua i roto i te rā kotahi, ka hokona e au.
Ko te pepa tinihanga e rima-taahiraa ka tukuna e au ki ngā kaihoko
|
Hipanga | He pātai ka pātai atu ahau ki a au anō | Taku whakautu tere |
| 1 | He aha te ngaohiko o taku pūnaha? | 400 V TN-S |
| 2 | He aha te iahiko hapa mōrahi o taku? | 50 kA |
| 3 | He aha te ngaru e tumanakohia ana e au? | 40 kA 8/20 µs |
| 4 | Kei hea ahau e whakairi ai? | Paewhiri IP42, 60 °C te mōrahi |
| 5 | He aha ngā tiwhikete me whakaatu e au ki taku rangatira? | CE, TUV, IEC 61643-11 |
Ka tāruatia e au ēnei rārangi e rima ki roto i te īmēra. Ka mea mai te kaiwhakarato "Āe, ka tūtaki tātou katoa" ka whakatikahia rānei e ia tētahi rārangi. Kāore he kōrero roa, kāore he pukapuka PDF.
He aha ahau kāore ai e whai i te utu iti rawa
Ka tatau ahau i te Utu Katoa o te Mana Whakahaere: utu + utanga + takoha + taku utu mō te wā kotahi e kore ai e mahi. I Tiamana, ko te haora kotahi o te korenga o te raina motuka he €40,000. Ko te utu mō te SPD €65 e kore e mahi he 615 ngā wā o tōna utu. Ka utua e au he €85 mō tētahi waeine me te pūrongo TUV me ngā taonga ā-rohe. Ko te €20 tāpiri ko taku inihua.
Me pēhea taku raka i tētahi kirimana utu tau e rua
Ka mea atu ahau ki te kaihoko: "Whakanohoia ngā ota e rua ki roto i te ipu kotahi inaianei. E 24 marama te roa o taku pupuri i te utu." Ka penapena te kaihoko i te $2,000 i runga i te utanga, ā, ka whiwhi ia i te parenga utu mai i te pikinga o te parahi. Ka utaina e ahau he 500 ngā wahi i roto i tō mātou whare putunga i Wenzhou me tana tapanga. Ina waea mai ia, ka tukuna atu e ahau i roto i ngā haora 48. Ka moe pai ngā taha e rua.
Whakamutunga
I ngaro taku moni i ngā ngaru hiko, nō reira i tuhia e au tēnei rārangi arowhai. Whakamahia, whiriwhiria te SPD tika, ā, katihia te pūtu e whai ake nei i mua i te aukati i a koe. Īmēra mai ki ahau ki caroline@leikexing.com, ā, ka tukuna atu e au he tauira kore utu ki a koe i tēnei rā.