Ngā Pūrere Ārai Uira ā-Roto me ngā Pūrere Ngaru: He aha te Rerekētanga?

1. Te Hononga i waenganui i te Parenga Uira ā-roto me Te Parenga Pupuhi

Te Parenga Uira ā-Roto (LPS ā-Roto):

He wāhanga tēnei o te pūnaha tiaki uira. Kei roto ko te hononga ōrite mō te wehenga uira me/ranei te wehenga hiko mai i te pūnaha tiaki uira o waho.

Ngā Mahi Ārai Ngaru (SPM):

Koinei ngā mahi i mahia hei tiaki i ngā pūnaha ā-roto mai i ngā pāorooro uira (LEMP). Ko te SPM tētahi wāhanga anō hoki o te pūnaha tiaki uira whānui.

E ai ki te Pikitia 1 i roto i te GB/T 21714.1, kei roto i te parenga uira katoa te Pūnaha Parenga Uira (LPS) me ngā Tikanga Parenga Ngaru (SPM). Kei roto i te GB/T 21714.4 te parenga ngaru (SPM), ko te parenga uira ā-roto ia he wāhanga o te LPS (e uru ana ngā wāhanga o waho me roto), ā, e whakaahuatia ana i roto i te GB/T 21714.3.

Ahua 1 – Te Hononga i waenganui i ngā Wāhanga o GB/T 21714

2. Te Pūtake o te Parenga Uira ā-roto me Te Parenga Pupuhi

2.1 IEC 1024-1:1990

I roto i te IEC 1024-1:1990, "Te Tiaki i ngā Hanganga mai i te Uira – Wāhanga 1: Ngā Mātāpono Whānui", e whakamārama ana te wāhanga 1.2.7 i te Tiaki Uira ā-Roto hei mahi tāpiri katoa i tua atu i te pūnaha tiaki uira o waho. Ka āwhina ēnei mahi ki te whakaiti i ngā pānga hikohiko o ngā ia uira i roto i te wāhi tiakina. Nō reira, e ai ki te IEC 1024-1:1990, kei roto i te LPS ā-roto ngā mea katoa i tua atu i te LPS o waho — e kapi ana hoki i te tiakitanga mai i ngā pāoro hikohiko (LEMP).

2.2 IEC 62305-1:2006

I te wā i whakaputaina ai te IEC 62305-1:2006, "Te Parenga ki te Uira – Wāhanga 1: Ngā Mātāpono Whānui" (putanga 1), kua tino mārama ake ngā whakamāramatanga:

3.42 Pūnaha Tiaki Uira ā-Roto (LPS): He wāhanga o te LPS kei roto ko te hononga ōrite-pūmanawa me/ranei te wehenga hiko mai i te LPS o waho. 3.49 Pūnaha Whakatakotoranga LEMP (LPMS): He pūnaha katoa o ngā mahi hei tiaki i ngā pūnaha ā-roto mai i ngā pāorooro uira (LEMP).

I whakakapia ngā paerewa o mua e te raupapa IEC 62305-1 ki te 4:2006, mā te whakakotahi i ētahi tuhinga IEC TC81. I wehea te whakamāramatanga tawhito o te LPS ā-roto mai i te IEC 1024 kia rua ngā wāhanga: te LPS ā-roto me te LPMS (mō te tiakitanga LEMP). I roto i te IEC 62305-1:2024, i whakaingoatia mana te LPMS ki Ngā Measures Tiaki Puku (SPM).

3 Ngā Mahi Tiaki Uira ā-Roto

He mea nui te parenga uira ā-roto mō te pūnaha parenga uira e mahi tika ana. Mēnā kāore he parenga ā-roto, ka puta pea he mura kino mai i ngā ia uira e rere ana i roto i te LPS o waho, i ētahi atu wāhanga kawe hiko rānei o te whare. Ka taea e ēnei mura te arahi ki ngā ahi, ki ngā whara tangata, ki ngā kino rānei o ngā hanganga. Haunga ngā rerekētanga o ngā tawhiti wehewehe, he rite tonu te parenga ā-roto puta noa i ngā taumata parenga uira katoa. Tērā pea ka puta he mura i waenganui i te LPS o waho me ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei: Ngā whakaurunga whakarewa, Ngā pūnaha ā-roto o te whare, Ngā wāhanga kawe hiko o waho, ngā paipa rānei e hono ana ki te whare tiakina.

E ai ki ngā paerewa, ko ngā mura e puta ana i ngā wāhi pahū pea o te hanganga he mea morearea tonu. Hei ārai i te hanganga o te mura, me whakamahi tētahi o ngā tikanga e whai ake nei: Te hononga pūmau ōrite, te whakamahana hiko rānei i waenga i ngā wāhanga whakarewa.

Ko ngā inenga hononga pūmau ōrite (tirohia te Pikitia 2) ko ēnei e whai ake nei:

Ngā ara iahiko here, e whakamahia ana ina kore e taea e ngā hononga taiao te whakarato i te haere tonu o te hiko, hei tauira, mā te hono tika ki te wai, ki ngā paipa whakamahana rānei;

Ngā Pūrere Ārai Ngaru (SPD), e whakamahia ana ina kore e taea te hono tika, hei tauira, mō ngā raina ngaohiko iti; me

Ko ngā Āputa Hiko Motuhake (ISG), e whakamahia ana ina kore e whakaaetia ngā ara iahiko honohono, hei tauira, mō ngā paipa tiaki katote, ngā paipa hau rānei.

Pikitia 2

Te hononga pūmau ōrite mō ārai uira kei a ia ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei i runga i ngā momo LPS o waho:

LPS Wehewehe: Ka mahia anake te here i te taumata whenua;

LPS kua tāpirihia: Me mahi te here ki:

（1）Te papa o raro, te papa whenua rānei;

（2）Ko ngā wāhi katoa kāore e tutuki te tawhiti whakamātao, te tawhiti wehewehe rānei e hiahiatia ana.

LPS kua whakamahanatia ki te hiko: Haunga te here i te taumata whenua, ka taea hoki te here i ngā pūnaha whakamutu hau, i ngā pūnaha hiko whakaheke rānei.

4 Ngā Mahi Tiaki Ngaru

Kei roto i te SPM taketake ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei:

(1) Whatunga whenua me te hononga

Ka tukuna, ka whakamararatia hoki te ia uira e te pūnaha whenua ki roto i te whenua me te haumaru.

Ka whakaitihia e te whatunga hononga ngā rerekētanga pūmanawa me ngā pānga o te papa aukume.

(2) Te parenga hikohiko me te waea tika

Ka whakaitihia e te parenga ā-wāhi ngā papa aukume i roto i te LPZ e puta mai ana i ngā pānga uira tika, i ngā pānga tata rānei ki te whare, ā, ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā ngaru o roto.

Mā te ārai i ngā taura o roto ki ngā taura, ki ngā paipa rānei kua āraia, ka whakaitihia ngā ngaru hiko e puta mai ana.

Mā te whakatakotoranga tika o ngā waea ā-roto ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā koropiko whakapūngao me ngā ngaru ā-roto. Mā te tiaki i ngā rārangi o waho i te pūwāhi tomokanga o te whare ka whakaitihia hoki ngā ngaru e tukuna ana ki roto i ngā pūnaha ā-roto.

(3) Pūnaha SPD kua whakaritea

Ka whakawhāitihia e te pūnaha SPD kua whakaritea te pānga o ngā ngaru o waho me roto.

(4) Ngā atanga wehewehe

Ka whakaitihia e ngā atanga wehe te pānga o ngā ngaru e whakahaerehia ana ki ngā raina e tomo ana ki te LPZ.

Me whakarite tonu te hononga whenua me te hononga pūngao ōrite, inā koa i ngā tomokanga whare — mā te hononga tika, mā te hono rānei i ia ratonga ara iahiko ki tētahi SPD hei wāhanga o te hononga pūngao ōrite.

(5) Te Whakamahinga o ngā Pūnaha Whakatūpato Whatitiri (TWS)

E ai ki te Wāhanga 7.1 o te IEC 62305-1:2024, mā te whakahohe i tētahi TWS i runga anō i te IEC 62793 ka taea te whakamahi hei tikanga tiaki mā te momotu i ngā ratonga o waho, ā, ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te auau o ngā kino ki ngā pūnaha hiko me ngā pūnaha hikohiko.

5 Whakamutunga

Ko ngā mahi ā-roto a te pūnaha he ārai i ngā mura kino, tae atu ki te hononga ōrite o te uira ki te SPD taumata-tuatahi. Ko te tiakitanga ngaru e aro nui ana ki ngā ngaru e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha ā-roto, ā, me whakarite ngā SPD e whakamahia ana mō tēnei kaupapa ki te SPD taumata-tuatahi, engari kāore e uru ki te SPD taumata-tuatahi. SPD ake.