Kei te tūhura koe i ngā mātāpono o ngā parenga ngaru?
Kei te hongi tonu ahau i te hinu wera o tētahi whakamātautau i whakahaerehia e mātou i tērā tau—nō te pānga o te hiko 6 kV, ka mangu te papa rūpahu i roto i te hawhe hēkona.
Ka mahi te parenga ngaru mā te hopu i te kaha tāpiri ka pana ki te whenua, kātahi ka herea te ngaohiko ki raro i te taumata ka kino pea ki ō mīhini. Ka hangaia e au ēnei waeine i ia rā i Wenzhou, ā, ka whakamatautauria e au kia rite ki te IEC 61643-11.
Ki te mōhio koe ki te mahi tinihanga, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i te wāhanga tika, ā, ka mutu te utu mō ngā āhuatanga kāore anō kia whakamahia e koe. Pānuihia tonu, ā, māku e whakaatu ki a koe ngā āhuatanga o te taputapu.
Ngā whāinga matua: te whakawhiti pūngao me te herenga ngaohiko?
I mātakitaki ahau i tētahi wā i ngaro ai tētahi puku i te ngaru 40 kA mā te kotahi maikiro-hekona nā te mea i pāwhiri te MOV i te wā tika—i penapenahia e taua kōpae iti tētahi kaitahuri $12,000.
Ko ngā whāinga matua e rua ko: (1) te neke tere i te kaha o te ngaru ki te whenua, me te (2) te pupuri i te ngaohiko e tae atu ana ki te kawenga i raro i te rohe haumaru kua tuhia ki te pepa raraunga.
Te Nekehanga o te Pūngao i roto i te Pouaka
Ka tae mai he ngaru hiko ki te raina. Ka heke te aukati MOV mai i te mega-ohms ki te ohms i roto i ngā nano-hēkona. Ka tangohia e te au te ara māmā i roto i te taputapu, kātahi ka rere ki raro i te waea whenua matomato-kōwhai. Ko te wera o te waea, ko te iti iho o tōna aukati, nō reira ka whakamahia e mātou te 6 mm² Cu, ā, ka pupuri i te mata i raro i te 50 cm. Ko tētahi roa tāpiri ka tāpirihia he 1 µH o te inductance, ā, ka tāpirihia he 1 kV ki te ngaohiko tuku-roto. Ka wareware ngā kaihoko ki tēnei taipitopito, ā, ka whakapae i te wāhanga ina mate tonu te papa.
Ngaohiko Whakapiri me te Ngaohiko Tuku-Tū
Ka whakaranua ngā tau e rua e te tangata. Ko te ngaohiko here te mea e kitea ana e te MOV. Ko te ngaohiko tuku-ā-roto te mea e kitea ana e te kawenga i muri i te takanga o te taura. Ka whakarārangihia e au ngā mea e rua i runga i taku pepa whakamātautau. Ka taea tonu e te wāhanga e here ana i te 700 V te tuku i te 1,200 V kia tae atu ki te VFD mena he 80 cm te hiku o te whenua. Tapahia te hiku, tapahia te mamae.
Ngā Raraunga Tuturu mai i tā Mātou Taiwhanga
| Taumata Pupuhi | Rahi MOV | Ārahi Whenua | Tukua-Ma roto | Hua |
| 20 kA 8/20 µs | Kōpae 32 mm | 25 henimita | 980 V | PASS |
| 20 kA 8/20 µs | Kōpae 32 mm | 80 henimita | 1.450V | HINGA |
| 40 kA 8/20 µs | Kōpae 40 mm | 25 henimita | 1.050V | PASS |
E whakaatu ana te ripanga he nui ake te roa o te taura i te rahi MOV. E kī atu ana ahau ki ngā kaihoko katoa: whakapaua he tāra tāpiri mō ngā taura poto i mua i te whakapaunga o te rima tāra ki tētahi taura nui ake.
He aha mātou i tāpiri ai i tētahi ngongo tuku hau ki ngā hoahoa ranu
Ka memeha haere te MOV i muri i ngā pānga nui. Ka taea e te GDT te hopu i ngā pupuhi maha atu engari he puhoi. Ka whakatakotoria e mātou kia whakarara. Ka tīmata te MOV i te tuatahi ka piri mō ngā 100 ns tuatahi. Kātahi ka mura te GDT ka tango i te iahiko papatipu. Ka okioki te MOV, ā, ka roa ake te ora. Ko te ranu te mea tino hokohoko ki ngā pāmu rā Tiamana nā te mea e hiahia ana te kapa o te papa ki te ora mō ngā tau 20, kaua e rima.
Ngā wāhanga matua me ngā tikanga tiaki hierarki?
Ka huakina e au tētahi o ā mātou waeine Momo 1+2, ka kite au i ngā MOV, ngā GDT, ngā fiusi, me tētahi pana wera iti e pāwhiri ana pērā i te kettle ina ngenge.
Ko ngā wāhanga matua ko: (A) ngā varistor, ngā GDT rānei e kai ana i te pūngao, (B) ngā momotu wera e aukati ana i ngā ahi, me (C) ngā fiusi tārua e whakakore ana i ngā ara iahiko poto. Ka whakarārangihia ēnei ki ngā paparanga e toru kia ōrite ki te pūnaha waea i roto i te tipu.
Papa Tuatahi: Momo 1 i te Kūaha Ratonga
Ka kitea tika te uira i tēnei wāhanga. Ka whakamahia e mātou he ngongo hiko 25 kA 10/350 µs me te poraka MOV 50 kA. Ko te whāinga he whakaheke i te kaha mai i te 1,000 kV ki raro iho i te 4 kV i mua i te urunga ki te papa whakawhiti. Ka tāutahia e mātou ki runga i te reera DIN 35 mm ka herea ki te 16 mm² Cu ki te pae whenua matua. Kotahi te kōhao pūtu i te wāhi hē ka tāpirihia he 2 µH me te 2 kV tāpiri. Ka tirohia e au te tuhi e rua ngā wā; ka tiakina e te kaihoko tētahi whakawhiti hiko parai.
Papa Tuarua: Momo 2 i ngā Papa-iti
Ka aukatihia e tēnei paparanga ngā ngaru hiko i puta mai i ngā pānga tata, i te whakawhiti motuka nui rānei. Ka tīpakohia e mātou ngā MOV 40 kA 8/20 µs me te momotu wera. Ka monohia te wāhanga kia taea ai e te kaiwhakamahi te whakawhiti me te kore e mate te hiko. Ka tāpirihia e mātou he rama LED matomato ka mura ina mate te wāhanga. I kī mai tētahi kaiwhakahaere o te papa i Milan ka taea e ia te tirotiro i ngā panera 50 i roto i ngā meneti tekau mā te hikoi noa i te ara me te tatau i ngā ira matomato.
Papa Tuatoru: Momo 3 i te Utaina
Me whai ārai ā-rohe ngā puku, ngā PLC me ngā PC. Ka whakamahia e mātou ngā waeine 10 kA 8/20 µs me te tuku-mā roto i raro i te 900 V. Ka uru te wāhanga ki roto i te pouaka pakitara, ki roto rānei i te rīpene putanga. Me noho te taura mai i te Momo 2 ki te kawenga i raro i te 10 m. Mena he roa ake te oma, ka tāpirihia e mātou tētahi atu Momo 3. I penapenahia e au tētahi servo $4,000 mā te tāpiri i tētahi SPD putanga $9 nā te mea he 30 m te tawhiti o te panera.
Te Kōrero a ngā Paparanga ki a Rātou Anō
He rite te pūngao ki te wai. Mēnā kua kī te parenga tuatahi, me rite te parenga tuarua. Ka whakatakotoria e mātou ngā taumata ngaohiko i roto i ngā taahiraa: Ngā rawhi Momo 1 i te 1.8 kV, Momo 2 i te 1.4 kV, Momo 3 i te 0.9 kV. Kāore te paparanga o raro e tīmata i mua i te paparanga o runga, nō reira ka tohaina te kawenga e ia wāhanga. Ka whakamātauhia e mātou te mekameka katoa i roto i tā mātou taiwhanga me ngā waeine e toru i roto i te raupapa me te whiu 100 kA. Ko te tuku-ā-roto i te putanga pito ko te 720 V, he haumaru mō tētahi puku 230 V.
Rārangi Wāhanga e Whakamahia ana e Mātou i Ia Rā
| Wāhanga | Tūranga | Whakatakotoranga | Ngā Huringa Ora |
| MOV 40 mm | Rawhi | 40 kA 8/20 µs | 20 ngā patu nui |
| Pana wera | Te aukati ahi | 120°C | Kotahi-pū |
| 6 A gG fiusi | Poto mārama | 50 kA pakaru | Kotahi-pū |
| Ngongo GDT | Tārua | mura 600 V | 100 ngā pānga |
| LED + ātete | Tūnga | 2 mA te waikeri | 10 tau |
Te mahi tahi me te tautoko haumaru?
Kei te maumahara tonu ahau ki te rā i pakū ai te pīhi wera, ā, i kī mai te haki whero ki te tohunga hangarau kia whakawhiti i te waeine—kāore he raruraru, kāore he ahi, he okiokinga e rima meneti noa iho.
Me mahi tahi te SPD me ngā pūwehe, te whenua me te taura. Ka tāpirihia e mātou ngā fiusi wera, ngā pana-iti me ngā tohu mamao kia mōhio ai te tīma o te papaanga ina ngenge te wāhanga, ā, ka tīmata te tārua haumaru.
He aha te take e hiahia ai te SPD ki te Breaker hei Hoa
Ka taea e te MOV te whakapoto i te ara iahiko ina mate. Me whakakore te hapa e te fiusi tārua i mua i te mura o te panera. Ka whakatauritea e mātou te pihi fiusi ki te iahiko hapa MOV. Ka rahua te MOV 40 kA i te 1 kA poto. Ka whiriwhiria e mātou he fiusi 6 A gG ka whakakorea i roto i te 0.1 hēkona i te 1 kA. Kāore te fiusi e pupuhi i te iahiko ngaru noa nā te mea he iti noa iho te roa o tēnā. He uaua te pāngarau, engari ka mahi. Ka hoatu e au ki ngā kaihoko he tūtohi fiusi kia kore ai e whakaaro ā rātou kaihiko.
Tohu Mamao mō ngā Pae Nui
Kotahi te kiritaki e whakahaere ana i ngā oumu karāhe 24/7. Kāore e taea e ia te hikoi i te tipu i ia wiki. Ka tāpirihia e mātou he pana-iti ki roto i te SPD ka huri ina tuwhera te kōpae wera. Ka whāngaihia e te pana he tāuru PLC 24 V. Ka mea te rama whero i runga i te HMI "Kua mate te SPD." Ka waea mai te kaiwhakahaere ki a mātou, ka tukuna atu e mātou he kātere tāpiri, ā, ka whakawhitihia e ia i te huringa o te huringa e whai ake nei. Kāore he aukati kore i whakamaheretia i roto i ngā tau e rua.
Te mahi tahi me ngā RCD me ngā Pūoko Āwhata
E mataku ana ētahi miihini kei tūkinotia te RCD e te turuturu o te SPD. Ka puritia e mātou te turuturu ki raro i te 0.3 mA i te 230 V. Kāore e kitea e te RCD 30 mA. Mena ka whakamahia e te papa he pūoko arai, ka tāpirihia e mātou he tātari EMI ki mua i te SPD kia kore ai e mamingatia te pūoko e te herenga auau-teitei. I whakamatauria e mātou tēnei ranunga ki TÜV Rheinland, ā, i angitu mātou.
Ngā Tohu Matua mō te Mahi?
E toru ngā tau e whaia ana e au mō ia uta: te ngaohiko tuku-ā-roto, te tere rahunga mō ia 1,000 pcs, me te wā whakawhiti i te wāhi. Mēnā he hē tetahi, ka whakamutua e au te raina.
Ko ngā KPI matua ko: (1) te taumata tiaki ngaohiko (Ki runga) i inehia i roto i te taiwhanga, (2) te tatau ora o te ngaru i mua i te pakaru, me (3) te wā toharite hei whakakapi (MTTR) i runga i ngā pūnaha ora. Ka tuhia e au ēnei mō ia puranga ka hokona e mātou.
He aha te take e kī ai te Tuku-Tā-roto he Kīngi
Ka taea e te hekenga 200 V ki runga te whakaneke rua i te roa o te ora o te puku. Ka whakamātauhia e mātou ia kōpae MOV i te 100% o te iahiko, ā, ka tuhia te ngaohiko. Ko ngā kōpae e pānui teitei ana ka haere ki te raina pāmu rā, kāore e tino hira te whakapiri. Ko ngā kōpae e pānui iti ana ka haere ki te raina PLC Tiamana. Ka tāpirihia e tēnei momo kotahi hāora ki te whakaputanga engari ka tapahia ngā hapa mara mā te 40%. Ka utua e au te hāora, ka penapena au i te karanga pō.
Te Whakamātautau Tatau Ora e Whakahaerehia ana e Mātou
I ia rima meneti ka pāngia e mātou te wāhanga kotahi me te 20 kA tae noa ki te pakū o te pana wera. E 27 ngā pupuhi i roa i te kaipupuri rekoata. Ka whakaputaina e mātou te pihi ki runga i te pepa raraunga. Ka kite ngā kaihoko kei te mahi tonu te wāhanga i muri i ngā tau tekau o ngā ngaru noa. He maha atu ngā mahi i oti i taua kauwhata kotahi i taku whakahekenga utu pai rawa atu.
Whakamutunga
Te whakawhiti pūngao, te whakapūmau, te paparanga, te tārua me te whakamārama i ngā KPI—koinā te kōrero katoa. Kōwhiria he SPD he iti ngā whiwhinga mō te tuku-ā-roto me te iti o te reiti whakahoki, ā, ka hokona e koe te moe.