Te Mahi Ngātahi a ngā Kaitiaki Ngaru, ngā Kaiwhakamutu Ara Iahiko me ngā Hiu i roto i ngā Pūnaha Photovoltaic: Te Tātari Mahi me te Kōrero mō te Hiahia
Kupu Whakataki
I te tere o te whanaketanga o te umanga photovoltaic o te ao, kua noho te haumaru me te pumau o ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko o te rā hei kaupapa matua o te aro o te umanga. He roa te wā e noho ana ngā pūnaha photovoltaic ki waho, ā, he ngoikore ki ngā tūmomo mōrearea pēnei i te whiunga uira, te rerekētanga o te whatunga hiko, me te pakaru o ngā taputapu, ka raru pea ngā taputapu, ka mura rānei. Ko ngā parenga ngaru (SPD), ngā whati ara iahiko, me ngā fiusi he taputapu tiaki matua e mahi ana i ā rātou mahi, e mahi tahi ana hoki kia pai ai te whakahaere o te pūnaha. Ka tātarihia hohonutia e tēnei tuhinga ā rātou mahi, ā rātou tikanga whakarite, me te hiahiatanga hei whakarato tohutoro mō ngā kaiwhakamahi umanga.
I. Ngā Pūnaha Photovoltaic e anga atu ana ki te "Kaikohuru Kāore e Kitea"
He rite ngā teihana hiko photovoltaic ki ngā "toa maitai" e mahi ana i te rangi tuwhera, e tu tonu ana i ngā whakamātautau uaua.
1.1 Ngā take e pā ana te uira:
Ina koa i te Waenganui Rawhiti me te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, ka taea e te wā kotahi o te whatitiri te whakararu i ngā pūnaha kāore e taea te tiaki.
1.2 Ngā rerekētanga o te whatunga hiko:
I roto i te kaupapa Chilean i raro i taku mana whakahaere, i wera ētahi taputapu nā te pikinga ohorere o te ngaohiko whatunga.
1.3 Mōrearea ara-poto:
I te tau kua hipa, i pāngia tētahi kaupapa hiko e te poto o te ara iahiko i Tiamana nā te tawhito o ngā taura, ā, tata tonu te puta he ahi.
Ehara ēnei mōrearea i te whakanui rawa. E ai ki te International Photovoltaic Safety Alliance, neke atu i te 60% o ngā rahunga o te pūnaha photovoltaic nā te koretake o te tiaki hiko.
II. Ngā Mahi Matua o ngā Pūrere Tiaki Ngaru (SPD)
2.1 Te Mātāpono Mahi
Ka hurihia e te SPD te ngaohiko tere ki te whenua mā roto i ngā momo hiko whakarewa waikura (MOV) me ngā ngongo tuku hau (GDT), ka whakawhāiti i te ngaohiko i roto i te awhe haumaru. I roto i ngā pūnaha photovoltaic, ka tāutahia ngā SPD ki ngā wāhi e whai ake nei:
Taha DC (i waenganui i ngā kōwae me te inverter): Hei tiaki i ngā ngaru e puta mai ana i te uira.
Taha AC (i waenganui i te kaitahuri me te whatunga): Hei pehi i te ngaohiko nui mai i te taha whatunga.
2.2 Ngā Tawhā Matua
Ngaohiko whakahaere tonu mōrahi (Uc): Me ōrite ki te taumata ngaohiko o te pūnaha photovoltaic (pēnei i te 1000V DC, 1500V DC rānei).
Iahiko tuku (In/Iimp): E whakaata ana i te kaha ki te tuku iahiko uira, ā, ko ngā pūnaha photovoltaic e hiahia ana ki te 20kA, neke atu rānei.
Taumata tiaki ngaohiko (Ki Runga): Ka whakatau i te rahi o te ngaohiko toenga, ā, me iti iho i te ngaohiko ātete o te taputapu tiakina.
2.3 Te Hiahia
Ārai i ngā taputapu utu nui pēnei i ngā inverters me ngā pouaka whakakotahi kei pakaru i ngā ngaru hiko.
Kia tutuki i ngā paerewa o te ao (pēnei i te IEC 6164331, UL 1449) me ngā whakaritenga whakaae mō ngā teihana hiko photovoltaic.
Ⅲ. Te mahi me te kōwhiringa o ngā whati ara iahiko me ngā fiusi
3.1 Pūwhakaweto Ara Iahiko
Mahi:
•Te Parenga Taumaha Nui: Ina nui ake te iahiko i te uara kua whakaritea (pēnei i te 1.3 ngā wā o te iahiko kua whakatauria), ka mahi te tikanga whakamutu wera.
•Te Parenga Ara Poto: Ka tapahia e te tikanga whakamutu hikohiko te iahiko ara poto (pēnei i te 10kA) i roto i ngā mirihekona.
•Ngā Āhuatanga Whakamahinga mō te Pūngao Whakaahua:
Me whiriwhiri he whati ara iahiko DC motuhake (pērā i te DC 1000V/1500V).
Me ōrite te kaha pakaru ki te iahiko ara-poto o te pūnaha (te tikanga ≥ 15kA).
3.2 Pūhiko
Mahi:
Mā te whakarewa i te huānga fiusi, ka taea te wehe wawe i te ara iahiko hapa, me te tiaki hoki i te peka hono-raupapa.
Ngā Painga:
He tere ake te tere momotu (i te taumata maikorohekona), he pai mō ngā āhuatanga iahiko poto teitei.
He iti te rahi, ā, he pai mō ngā pouaka e mau ana i te iahiko me te iti o te wāhi.
3.3 Te mahi tahi me te SPD
Ko te SPD te kawenga mō te tiaki i te ngaohiko, ko ngā kaiwawao ara iahiko/kaitiaki fius te kawenga mō te tiaki i te au.
Ina rahua te SPD nā te pakaru o te ngaru hiko, ka taea e ngā whati ara iahiko, e ngā parenga fius rānei te tapahi wawe i te ara iahiko hapa hei ārai i te ahi.
Ⅳ. He rangahau take mō te pūnaha tiaki maha-taumata
Hei tauira, tangohia he teihana hiko photovoltaic 1MW:
4.1 Te parenga i te taha DC
Ngā peka raupapa wāhanga: Tāutahia ngā fiusi (pēnei i te momo 10A gPV) mō ia raupapa.
Te tomokanga o te pouaka whakakotahi: Tāutahia te Momo II SPD (Ki runga ≤ 1.5kV) me te pakaru ara iahiko DC (63A).
4.2 Te parenga i te taha AC
Te pito putanga o te inverter: Whirihorahia te Momo 1+2 SPD (Iimp ≥ 12.5kA) me te pakaru ara iahiko kua whakakikoruatia (250A).
4.3 Te whakatauira i te horopaki hapa
Ina pā te uira: Ka tukuna e te SPD te iahiko ngaru ka herea te ngaohiko ki raro i te 2kV; ki te kore te SPD e mahi nā te ara iahiko poto, ka motu te kaiwawao ara iahiko.
Ina he ara iahiko poto: Ka rewa te fiusi i roto i te 5ms hei ārai i te horapa o te pānga ira wera.
Ⅴ. Ngā whakatūpato mō te kōwhiringa me te tāutanga
5.1 Kōwhiringa SPD
Mō te taha DC, me whiriwhiri he SPD motuhake ki te photovoltaic (pēnei i te PVSPD) hei karo i te raruraru iahiko whakamuri o te AC SPD noa.
Me whai whakaaro ki te tawhē pāmahana (me waiho e te Uc he tawhē i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei).
5.2 Te Whakataurite i te Pūwhakaweto Ara Iahiko/Fise
Me teitei ake te kaha pakaru i te iahiko poto mōrahi o te pūnaha (pēnei i te iahiko hapa o te aho ka eke ki te 1.5kA).
Me nui ake te iahiko whakatauranga o te fiusi i te 1.56 ngā wā o te iahiko poto-arahiko (Isc) o te wāhanga (e ai ki te NEC 690.8).
5.3 Ngā Whakaaro Whakauru Pūnaha
Me ≤ 0.5m te roa o te waea i waenga i te SPD me te kaiwawao hiko hei whakaiti i te ngaohiko toenga.
Me whakahaere he tirotiro auau i ngā tohu tūnga SPD, ā, me whakakapi ngā kōwae rahua i te wā tika.
Ⅵ. Ngā Auahatanga Ahumahi me ngā Whakahōutanga Paerewa
•Te tono mō ngā hiko teitei: I te whānui haere o te whakamahinga o ngā pūnaha photovoltaic 1500V, me whakanui ake i ngā taumata hiko ātete o ngā SPD me ngā whati ara iahiko i runga i te tukutahi.
•Aroturukitanga atamai: Kei te whakamahia haeretia ngā SPD atamai e whakauru ana i ngā pūoko pāmahana me ngā mahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore hei whakatutuki i te whakatūpato hapa mamao mō te wā poto.
•Whakapakari paerewa: Kua whakatinanahia e te putanga hou o IEC 625482023 ngā whakaritenga taunga kaha ake mō ngā taputapu tiaki mō ngā pūnaha photovoltaic.
Whakamutunga
I roto i ngā pūnaha photovoltaic, ko ngā parenga ngaru, ngā whati ara iahiko me ngā fiusi he pūnaha tiaki mahi tahi "ngaohiko-auau" katoa. Mā te whiriwhiri me te whirihoranga tika o ēnei wāhanga, ehara i te mea ka taea te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi a ngā taputapu me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere me te tiaki, engari he mea nui hoki hei whakarite i te whakahaere haumaru o ngā teihana hiko. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau, mā te whakaurunga me te mohiotanga o ēnei taputapu tiaki ka whakarei ake i te pono o ngā pūnaha photovoltaic a meake nei.