He mea hiahiatia ngā taputapu ārai ngaru e te ture?
He maha ngā pakihi e ngaro ana te moni i ngā pikinga hiko. Ka pātai mai rātou i tēnei pātai ki ahau i muri i te pakaru o te hiko.
Kei tō whenua te tikanga. Ko ētahi wāhi e hiahia ana ki ngā SPD e ai ki te ture. Ko ētahi atu wāhi kāore. Kei te momo whare anō hoki.
Ka pōhēhē pea ngā ture. Māku e whakamārama atu ki ngā kupu māmā. Mā tēnei koe e āwhina ki te mōhio ki te mea hei mahi.
He aha tātou i tino hiahia ai ki ngā SPD?
He nui rawa te utu o ngā SPD ki te nuinga o te iwi. I pērā anō hoki taku whakaaro tae noa ki taku kitenga i ngā kino o te ngaru.
Ka tiakina e ngā SPD ō hikohiko mai i ngā ngaru hiko. Kāore e taea e ngā pūngao noa te aukati i ngā ngaru. He rite ngā SPD ki te inihua mō ō taputapu.
E tohutohu mai ana ngā ture i ngā mea me mahi e tātou. Engari he nui ake ngā mahi a ngā rangatira atamai. E mōhio ana rātou he iti ake te utu o te tiaki i te whakakapinga.
He aha ngā Ture i te Wā
E rua ngā take e wātea ai ngā ture:
- Haumaru: Ka taea e ngā ngaru te whakaputa ahi me ngā ru
- Utu: Ka pakaru ngā taputapu i ngā ngaru nui, ā, ka mutu te mahi
Pai mō te Pakihi
Ahakoa kāore e hiahiatia ana, he mohio ngā SPD. Whakaarohia ngā utu o ō taputapu. Ka taea e te ngaru kotahi te whakangaro i ngā mea katoa. He iti ake te utu o ngā SPD i ngā taputapu hou.
Ngā Ture Hira hei Mōhio
He rerekē ngā ture mō ia wāhi:
- IEC 62305: Ngā ture uira o te ao whānui
- Te Ture 242 a te NEC: Ngā ture haumaru o te US
- IEC 60364: Ngā ture hiko o Ūropi
Ripanga 1: Ngā Ture Haumaru
| Paerewa | Tūnga | Kaupapa | Me hiahia koe ki te SPD? |
| IEC 62305 | Ao | Uira | I ētahi wā |
| Te Ture 242 a te NEC | tia | Haumaru | I ētahi wā |
| IEC 60364 | Ūropi | Hiko | I ētahi wā |
Tirohia tō mōrearea
Ko te nuinga o ngā ture e kī ana kia tirohia tō mōrearea. Whakaarohia:
- Te uira i tō rohe
- Ngā rauemi hanga whare
- Te whakamahinga o te whare
Me nui ake te tiakitanga e hiahiatia ana e ngā hōhipera i ngā whare tiaki.
Tāuta ki te taha matau
Kāore e ranea te hoko i te SPD. Tāuta tika. Kāore e pai te tāutanga kino. Whakamahia he tohunga hiko ngaio. E mōhio ana rātou ki te whiriwhiri me te tāuta.
E hiahiatia ana e ngā whenua ngā SPD?
He rerekē ngā ture e kitea ana e au i ia whenua. Kāore i te ōrite i ngā wāhi katoa.
Āe, he rerekē ngā ture o ia whenua. He tino pakari ngā ture o Ūropi. He motuhake ngā ture o Amerika. Kāore he ture o ētahi wāhi.
He mea nui te wāhi e noho ana koe. He mārama ngā ture o ētahi wāhi. Ko ētahi he whakaaro noa iho. Kia mōhio ki ngā ture o tō rohe.
Ngā Ture o Ūropi
He maha ngā whenua o Ūropi e hiahia ana ki ngā SPD. E hiahia ana a Tiamana, a Wīwī, me Ingarangi ki ngā SPD i roto i ngā whare hou. E whai ana te iwi i ēnei ture.
Ngā Ture o Amerika
Ka whakamahia e te US te National Electrical Code (NEC). Ka whiriwhiria e ia kawanatanga te whakamahi. Ka whakamahia e te nuinga o ngā kawanatanga. Me whakamahi ngā SPD i roto i te maha o ngā whare hou e ngā ture hou.
Ētahi atu Wāhi
- Kānata: Pērā i ngā ture o Amerika. Me whai SPD i ētahi wā.
- Ahitereiria: Me tirotiro i te mōrearea. Me whakamahi i ngā SPD mēnā he nui te mōrearea.
- Āhia: He rerekē ngā ture. Ko ētahi e hiahia ana ki ngā SPD mō ngā tari engari kāore mō ngā kāinga.
Ripanga 2: Ngā Ture Rohe
| Rohe | Ngā Ture | Paerewa | Me hiahia koe ki te SPD? |
| Ūropi | Tino pakari | IEC 60364 | Ae i te nuinga o te wā |
| Te Hononga o Amerika | Motuhake | Nama 242 | I ētahi wā |
| Kānata | Pērā i a tātou | CEC | I ētahi wā |
| Ahitereiria | Tūponotanga-ā-tūponotanga | AS/NZS 3000 | Ki te mea āe te mōrearea |
| Haina | Kaha | GB 50057 | Ngā whare tūmatanui |
Ngā Ture e Kaha Ana
He nui ake ngā whenua e hiahia ana ki ngā SPD ināianei. E whakahou ana rātou i ngā ture hiko. He nui ake ngā hikohiko e whakamahia ana e tātou i ēnei rā. He nui ake te utu mō ngā kino o te ngaru hiko. E hiahia ana ngā kāwanatanga ki te tiaki i te tangata.
Ko ēhea Whenua e Hiahia ana i ngā SPD e ai ki te Ture?
I aukatia te uta a te kiritaki i te tari taake. He aha ai? Kāore he SPD i te wā i hiahiatia ai e te ture.
E hiahiatia ana ngā SPD e ēnei whenua: Wīwī, Tiamana, Ingarangi, Pāniora, US (mō ngā whare), Haina (mō ngā whare tūmatanui).
Tuku atu ki ēnei whenua? Me tiaki koe. Hangaia ki reira? Whāia ngā ture ā-rohe.
Ngā Ture o Ūropi
He mārama ngā ture SPD a Ūropi.
- Wīwī: Ngā ture tino pakari. Tata ki ngā whare hou katoa me whai SPD.
- Tiamana: Me whai SPD i roto i ngā whare me ngā hikohiko.
- UK: Me tirotiro i te mōrearea. Me whakamahi i ngā SPD mēnā e tika ana te mōrearea.
Amerika ki te Raki
- US: Me whai SPD ngā ture hou i roto i ngā whare me ngā tari hou.
- Kānata: Me whai parenga ngaru i ngā wāhi uira. Me ngā pūnaha ohorere anō hoki.
Āhia me te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa
- Haina: Me whai SPD mō ngā whare teitei me ngā wāhi tūmatanui. Kua whakatinanahia ngā ture.
- Ahitereiria: Me tirotiro i te mōrearea. Me whakamahi i ngā SPD mēnā e tika ana. He mea noa mō ngā tari.
He aha ngā Pakihi e Manaaki Ana
Kei a koe ngā taonga, kei te kawemai rānei koe? E mōhio ana koe ki ēnei ture. Hokona atu ki ngā whenua whai ture SPD? Me tiaki pea āu hua. Hangaia he wheketere ki tāwāhi? Tāpirihia ngā SPD. Ki te kore, ka whiwhi pea koe i ngā utu whiu, ka kore rānei koe e uru ki ngā tirotiro.
Ripanga 3: Ngā Ture Whenua
| Whenua | Ngā Ture | He aha ngā mea e hiahiatia ana mō ngā SPD? |
| Wīwī | NFC 15-100 | Te nuinga o ngā whare hou |
| Tiamana | VDE 0100-534 | Ngā whare me ngā hikohiko |
| Te Hononga o Amerika | Nama 242 | Ngā whare hou me ngā tari |
| Haina | GB 50057 | Ngā whare tūmatanui me ngā whare teitei |
| Te Hononga o ngā Whenua o Peretānia | BS 7671 | Mena ka mea te tirotiro mōrearea he āe |
Whakamutunga
He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana ngā SPD e te ture, ā, he mea mohio tonu. Tirohia ngā ture ā-rohe kia noho haumaru ai, kia noho ture ai hoki.