I whakangaromia e au tētahi Kaitahuri hiko pūngao rā $30,000nā te mea i mahue i ahau tētahi whakamātautau SPD e rima meneti te roa— kaua e mahi anō i taua hapa.

I tō mātou Te wheketere SPD o Wenzhou, mātou whakamātautau i ia taputapu tiaki ngarui mua i te tukunga. Kei roto i te tukanga tika tirotiro tirohanga, ātete ārai, taumata tiaki ngaohiko (VPR), ia turuturu, me manatoko tohu.

E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i ia taahiraa i roto i reo Pākehā hangarau māmā, i runga i te mea kotahi rārangi arowhai mō te angitu/te kore angitue whakamahia ana e mātou mō Ngā pāmu rā o Tiamana me Amerika.

He aha ai Whakamātautau SPD Ngā Take i roto i ngā Pūnaha Hiko Rā me te Ahumahi

Kei te maumahara tonu ahau ki te haunga o te silicon kua tahuna i te wā varistor wetekinai whakaaetia he 6 kV te ngaruki roto i tētahi kiritaki o Amerika pouaka whakakotahi pūngao rā.

Kotahi SPD kāore anō kia whakamatautauriaka taea te kati i te katoa pāmu pūngao rāHe whakamātautau e rua meneti te roaka taea te ārai ngā wiki o te wā whakatāā, tiakina tō te hua pūngao me te tawhē hua.

He aha te mea ka tupu ina kore e angitu te SPD i te mara?

He taputapu tiaki ngaru i rahua (SPD)kāore e haruru — ka mutu puku tana mahi.
Te tērā pea ka noho matomato tonu te rama whakatūpato, ahakoa i muri i te varistorkua pakaru, kua poto rānei.

I te tau 2022, i whaihia e tā mātou tīma tētahi Whakaweto i te inverter 1.5 MWi Inia ki kotahi te SPD i rahuakua huri hei waea. I ngaro te pae 14 ngā rā o te putanga nui o te rā, te utu 45 ngā wā atu anōatu i te SPD tonu.

I taua rā i ako ahau i te ture koura: he iti ake te utu o te whakamātautau iti rawa i te iti rawa o te pakaru.

Te huna a ngā aho rā i te ngaohiko nui rawa

I roto ngā pūnaha photovoltaic o te rā (PV), te Ngā aho DCkāore e herea tika ki te whenua — "mānu" i runga ake i te pūmanawa o te whenua.
Ina he te ngaru uira, te whakawhiti rānei i te wā potoka pā ki te taha DC, ka taea whakapiki ake i te ngaohiko aho katoa mā te neke atu i te 30 kVmō ētahi maikorohekona noa iho.

Ka whakamāramahia e te inverter taua ngaru hei te nui rawa o te ngaohiko, he maha ngā wā ka mutu katoa te mahi.

Hei ārai i tēnei, ka mahi ahau i tētahi Whakamātautau ātete ārai 1 kVi runga i ia puranga SPD i mua i te tuku.
Mena ka heke te pānui ki raro iho 10 MΩ, ka whakakahoretia tonutia te waeine.

Kei te ripanga i raro nei te whakaatu i te ngā raraunga whakamātautau whakamātao me te VPR tuturumai i ngā puranga whakaputa 20 whakamutunga i a mātou Te wheketere SPD o Wenzhou.

Ngā hua tauira mai i te whakamātautau puranga DC SPD — te ātete whakamarumaru me te taumata tiaki ngaohiko (VPR) i raro i ngā tikanga whakamātautau 1 kV.

He rite tonu te riri o ngā motuka ahumahi

Ahumahi Ngā puku motuka AChe rite tonu te ngoikore ki ngā papa hiko o te rā ki te ngoikore rawa o te ngaohiko – i ētahi wā he nui ake.

He Paewhiri whakahaere motuka 480 Vhe iti ake te tawhā ngaru i te aho PV 1000 V, e āhei ai te whiriwhiri me te whakamātautau i te AC SPD (Pūrere Ārai Ngaru)tino arohaehae.

I ako tētahi o aku kiritaki kaihanga panera o Amerika i tēnei i roto i te ara uaua. Kotahi te kōwae SPD kāore anō kia whakamatautauriai puta ai he kati ohorere i te pō o te Rāhoroi, ā, i akiakihia ia ki te utu i tana kapa i te wā tāpiri hei tīmata anō i te tipu.

Mai i taua wā, ka tohe ia kia whiwhi i tētahi pūrongo iahiko turuturumō ia puranga i mua i te whakaae i te ota hoko. Ka pau noa i ahau $0.40 o te wā whakamātautau mō ia waeine, ā, ka whakaorangia e ia neke atu i te $400 te utu mahi— he 1,000× hokinga maimā te tirotiro kounga māmā noa iho.

Ngā Utauta e Hiahiatia ana e Koe hei Whakamātautau i tētahi Pūrere Ārai Ngaru

i kite ahau i tētahi kaihoko e whakamātautau ana i tētahi parenga ngaru me tētahi $9 taputapu - mita maha toa — i ora tonu i ngā whakamātautau e rua i mua i te weranga.

I roto i tā mātou Taiwhanga wheketere SPD i Wenzhou, e whakawhirinaki ana mātou ki ngaio ngā taputapu whakamātautau ngarui hangaia mō ngā mea e rua Arotakenga SPD DC me AC.

Anei ngā taputapu matua e whāme mahi e ia tohunga hangarau whakamātautau i tētahi taputapu tiaki ngaru (SPD)me te haumaru, me te tika hoki:

①A mita matihiko kua whakatikatikainamō ngā tirotiro ngaohiko me te haere tonu taketake.

②A Kaiwhakamātautau ātete ārai 1 kV (megger)hei manatoko i te whakamarumaru i waenga i ngā raina me te whenua.

③A pūwhakaputa ngaru kawe (1.2/50 µs, 8/20 µs rānei te āhua ngaru)ki te ine i te ngaohiko piri tūturu i raro i te kawenga.

④A kāmera whakaahua weraki te kimi i ngā wāhi wera huna me ngā varistor i mua i te rahunga.

Ka hipokina ngātahitia e ēnei taputapu e whā neke atu i te 99% o ngā horopaki whakamātautau SPD, mai i te arotake kounga o te wheketere ki te tirotiro i te papaanga i ngā pāmu pūngao rā, i ngā whare ahumahi rānei.

Me tino hiahia ahau ki tētahi kaihanga ngaru hiko?

Tino āe— ki te hiahia koe ki te mōhio me pēhea tō taputapu tiaki ngaru (SPD)mahi i raro i te iahiko pupū tūturu, he pūwhakaputa ngaruehara i te mea kōwhiringa.

He meggerka taea anake te ine i te whakamarumaru me te ngaohiko ara iahiko tuwhera, engari kāore e taea te whakatauira i te ngaru ngaru 8/20 µs, 1.2/50 µs rāneie whakatau ana me pēhea te pupuri a te SPD i te pūngao i te wā o te rangitahi tūturu.

I roto i tā mātou taiwhanga whakamātautau SPD wheketere, ka whakamahia e au he Huinga whakaputa hiko ngaru 1.2/50 µs i te 6 kV.
Mō Ngā tauira DC 600 V SPD, te taumata tiaki ngaohiko (VPR)me noho tonu i raro i te 1 kVi te wā o te whakamātautau.

Ko ia SPD ka tukuna e mātou he tohu ki tana uara VPR i inehia— ka hangaia e tēnei nama mārama te whakawhirinaki ki ō mātou kiritaki i roto i Tiamana, Amerika, me Īnia, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mahi tiaki pumau, kua manatokohia.

Ka taea e au te reti hei utu mō te hoko?

Ae rawa — mēnā he ā-wā tō whakaputanga SPD, tō rahinga whakamātautau rānei, te reti i ngā taputapu whakamātautau tiaki ngaruhe haumitanga atamai pea.

Hei tauira, ina rere tātou Ngā puranga SPD 5,000-wahii tā mātou wheketere i Wenzhou, i ahau retihia he kāmera wera FLIRmō te tata ki $90 ia wiki.

Te whakamātautau whakaahua weraāwhina ki te kite ngā momo weratera pea tonu pāhi i te whakamātautau megger, e whakaatu ana i ngā hapa huna o mua i mua i te tuku.

I roto i tētahi oma whakaputa, i kitea e mātou e toru ngā SPD hapate whakamahi i te kāmera reti — te tapeke o ngā penapena i roto i te mahi anō me te utu pūtāhui i utua te utu reti i roto i te rā kotahi.

Kei te ripanga i raro nei te whakataurite i ngā utu o te ao tūturu mō te reti me te hoko kī Ngā taputapu whakamātautau SPD.

Tukanga Whakamātautau SPD Hipanga-i-te-Taumata (DC me te AC)

Ahakoa mō Ngā pūnaha rā DCrānei Ngā papa whakahaere motuka AC, te tukanga whakamātautau mō Ngā Pūrere Tiaki Ngaru (SPD)e whai ana i te ariā kotahi — ko ngā rohe ngaohiko anake e rerekē ana.

I tō mātou Te whare whakamātautau SPD o Wenzhou, ka tono ahau i tētahi tukanga whakamātautau taahiraa-i-te-taahiraae whakamahia ana e ngā kiritaki o te ao i roto i Tiamana, Amerika, me Pakitānehei manatoko i te pono o te SPD i mua i te tuku.

1.Ngā SPD DCe whakamatautauria ana i Ātete ārai 600 V, i te mea

2.ME NGĀ SPDe whakamatautauria ana i Ngaohiko raina 277 V.

Ka whiwhi rāua i te Te pūngao ngaru 6 kV (āhua ngaru 8/20 µs)ā, me pūmau i raro i te 1 kVi te wā o te huihuinga.

Ka tuaruatia ia whakamātautau i runga i L–N, L–PE, me N–PEngā ara hei whakarite i te tiakitanga katoa i raro i ngā āhuatanga ngaru tūturu.

Hipanga 1 – Tirotiro tirohanga me te taipana

Ia Whakamātautau SPDka tīmata ki te te tirotiro tirohanga me te tirotiro taipana pūrua— te taahiraa māmā rawa, engari ko te mea i tīpokahia pinepinetia i te mara.

Ka tīmata ahau mā te tirotiro mō ngā whare pakaru, ngā tohu wera, ngā pito wetewete rāneika puta pea ngā hapa o te pewa. Kātahi ahau te taipana i ia tīwiri ki te 0.8 Nmmā te whakamahi i tētahi taraiwa kua whakatikatikaina.

I tētahi wā, i te wā o te tirotiro i mua i te tukunga, i kitea e au tētahi aho parahi kotahitata motuhia i raro i te tīwiri here. Kua i mimiti i te ngaru tuatahi o te uira, ka whakamate tonu i te ara iahiko tiaki.

Mai i taua wā, kua hanga e au te tirotiro tirohanga me te taipanahe wāhanga whakahau o ia Pūrongo whakamātautau kounga SPDka tukuna atu e mātou ki ngā kiritaki i roto i Ūropi me te US

Hipanga 2 – Te ātete ārai

Ko te taahiraa nui e whai ake nei i roto i Whakamātautau SPDko te te ine i te ātete ārai. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi 1 kV meka, ka ine au i te ātete i waenganui i rārangi (L) me te oneone tiaki (PE).

Me pupuri tonu e ia wāhanga >10 MΩKo te pānui i raro i tēnei paepae e tohu ana te turuturu wawe o te varistor, e whakararu ana i te tiakitanga o te ngaru. Ko tetahi SPD e whakaatu ana ko i whakakahoretia tonutia— kāore he okotahi.

Ko tēnei mea māmā whakamātautau meggerka ārai i ngā hapa huna ka puta pea ngā kaitahuri pūngao rā, ngā motuka ahumahi rāneikia rahua i te wā o te ngaru nui.

Hipanga 3 – Taumata tiaki ngaohiko

Te Whakamātautau Taumata Tiaki Ngaohiko (VPR)he mea nui hei whakamana i tō Ka ārai haumaru ngā awhi SPD i ngā ngaru nui-ngaohiko. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi te pūhiko whakaputa ngaru kua whakatakotoria ki te 3 kA, 8/20 µs, ka ine au i te ngaohiko kume ki te whakamahi i te oscilloscope.

Mō tētahi 600 V DC SPD, te Me noho tonu te VPR i raro i te 900 V. I tā mātou puranga whakamutunga, ko te VPR i inehia ko 820 V, e whakaū ana kua paahitia e ngā wae katoa te tirotiro.

Mā tēnei taahiraa ka whakarite kia Ka tiakina e te SPD ngā kaitahuri hiko me ngā taputapu ahumahi tairongoi ngā wā o ngā ngaru nui o te ao tūturu, hei ārai i te wā whakamutu utu nui.

Hipanga 4 – Te rerenga o te au i Uc

Whakamātautau Au Putae whakapūmau ana i tō Ka noho haumaru te SPD i raro i te ngaohiko tonuKa whakanuia e au te ngaohiko DC ki 600Vme te ine i te ia turuturu.

E ai ki ā mātou paerewa, ko te me noho te ia turuturu ki raro iho i te 1 mA. Ko tētahi waeine e hipa ana i tēnei rohe—pēnei i te pānui kotahi 1.2 mA—he ngāwari ki te te wera nui me te pakaru i ngā pāmahana tiketikeKo aua SPD he i makahia, kāore i whakahekehia.

Ka whakamanahia e tēnei whakamātautau te tiaki pono mō ngā panera rā me ngā taputapu ahumahi, te ārai i ngā rahunga ka arahi pea ki te wā kore mahi utu nui.

Hipanga 5 – Tohu mutunga-o-te-ora

Tirotiro Tohu Mutunga-o-te-Orahe mea nui kia whakarite ai i te Kei te kaha te tiaki a te SPD.

Ka poto ahau i te varistor mō te 5 hēkona, kātahi ka tukuna. Ko te me huri te haki tohu ki te whero, te rānei Me whakaweto te rama LED.

He tohu pūmau, tohu hē rāneika taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whakapohehe i a rātou kia whakaaro kei te mahi tonu te SPD. Ko tētahi waeine e kei te whakaatu tonu i te kākārikii muri i te whakamātautau i whakakahoretia tonutia.

Auau whakamātautau mutunga-o-te-oraārai ngā hapa huna, hei tiaki i ō panera rā, i ō pūnaha ahumahi rānei mai i ngā kino ohorere.

 Me pēhea te kimi i tētahi SPD i rahua

Ahakoa te āhua nei he SPD "e mahi ana" ka taea te hē puku. Ina tirohia, ngā toenga warotērā pea ka puta mai i te wāhi e i noho te varistor i mua, e tohu ana i te kino o roto.

Rapua e toru ngā tohu matua o te korenga o te mahi:

1.Tae tohu– ki te whakaatu i tētahi tohu "hauora" teka, kua ngoikore te SPD.

2.Ngā wāhi werawera– tetahi wāhi i runga ake nei 70°Che whakatūpato.

3.Te nui rawa o te rerenga o te au– ngā pānui i runga ake nei 1 mAtohu i te korenga.

Ko tētahi o ēnei tohue whakaū ana ko te SPD kāore e whakarato ana i te tiakitanga ngaruā, me whakakapia tonutia.

 He aha ngā Tohu SPD ka Māmingatia ai

He maha ngā SPD e whakamahi ana ngā haki miihinihei tohu mō te mutunga o te oranga. Ka hinga noa ēnei haki ina he neke atu i te 250 A te ngaru, tikanga ngā takahanga puhoi o te ngaohiko nuika taea te kino i te varistor me te kore e whakaoho i te tohu.

Mō te aromatawai tika, me whakawhirinaki ki tētahi kāmera weraki te kimi i ngā wāhi wera. I roto i tētahi puranga tata nei o te 480 SPD, 12 ngā waeinei whakaatu Ngā werawera 80 °C, engari anake Tokotoru i hinga ngā haki.

Akoranga:Kaua e whakawhirinaki ki te tohu anake—te tirotiro i te whakaahua wera me te turuturuhe mea nui mō te haumaru.

Megger vs. Oscilloscope: Te Mārama ki ngā Hua Whakamātautau SPD

I te whakamātautau i ngā SPD, he meggerngā mehua ātete ārai, i te mea he oscilloscopengā whakaaturanga te mahi ngaohiko piri.

I roto i te puranga kotahi, ka whakaatuhia he waeine 15 MΩi runga i te megger engari kua piri ki 1.4 kV, e hipa ana i te whakatakotoranga mā te 400VI te āhua pai te pānui megger, engari i whakakitea mai e te oscilloscope te mōrearea tuturu.

Ngā mea matua hei ako:Whakakotahitia i ngā wā katoa ngā whakamātautau ātete me ngā tirotiro ngaohiko pirihei whakarite i te pono o te SPD. Mēnā ka rahua tētahi waeine, whakatikahia tonutia te raruraru—i ētahi wā he whakatikatika tunu varistore hiahiatia ana.

Ngā Hapa Whakamātautau SPD Noa me Me Pēhea te Ārai i a rātou

Mā te whakamātautau hē i ngā SPD ka kino pea te taputapu me ō taputapu. Anei ngā ngā hapa noa e whā:

1.Te kore e momotu i te SPD– Me wehe atu te waeine i te ara iahiko kia kore ai e puta he pānui teka, he mura rānei.

2.Te whakamahi i te ngaohiko whakamātautau hē– Tirohia ngā whakaritenga mō ngā SPD AC, DC rānei i mua i te whakamātautau.

3.Te whakamātautau i ngā wāhanga matao– Tukua te SPD kia tae atu 25°Chei whakarite i te tika o ngā pānui ārai mate me ngā pānui turuturu.

4.Te kore aro ki te roa o te taura me ngā pānga o te arai– Tāpiri 1 m ngā araiki ō tātaitanga hei whakaaro mō te ātete tāpiri, te hiko rānei.

Mā te whai i ēnei whakatūpato, ka tiakina e koe tō SPD, ō taputapu whakamātautau, ā, ka ārai i ngā rahunga mara utu nui.

 Hapa 1 – Te whakamātautau i ngā SPD i te wā e hono ana ki te ara iahiko

Ko tētahi o ngā hapa tino kitea ko te whakamātautau i tētahi SPD i a ia e noho tonu ana i roto i te ara iahiko oraI roto i ngā panera e tohaina ana ngā kawenga e te whenua, ka taea e te megger te pānui 2 MΩmai i ngā takai motuka kaua ki te SPD tonu, e arahi ana ki ngā hua o te pāhi teka/te korenga.

Te mahi tika:Ngā wā katoa whakatuwheratia te kaiwawao ka wehea katoatia te SPDi mua i te whakamātautau. Whakamahia he tohu, tapanga whakatūpato rāneihei ārai i te tūponotanga o te hononga anō i te wā whakamātautau.

 Hapa 2 – Te Whakarērea i te Whakamātautau Mahana mō te Whakamātautau SPD

He nui te pānga o te pāmahana ki ngā pānui turuturu SPD.I whakamatautauria he varistor i 5°Cka taea te whakaatu 20% te teitei ake o te turuturui te pāmahana rūma, ka pā pea ngā hapa rūpahungā hapa i ngaro rānei.

Te mahi pai rawa atu:Whakamahia he rūma e whakahaeretia ana te pāmahanawhakatakotoria ki 25 °C ±2 °Cme rumakina ngā SPD mō ngā haora e ruai mua i te whakamātautau. Ko tēnei taahiraa māmā i whakaitihia te reiti hokinga mai o te SPD mā te 35%ā, ka whakarite kia tika ake ngā hua.

 Hapa 3 – Te Whakahāwea i te Ārahi Ārahi i roto i ngā Whakamātautau SPD

Ka whakauruhia e ngā arai whakamātautau roa te inductance, i te nuinga o te wā 1 µH ia mita, e taea ai tāpirihia ki te 20 V i te ngaru 8/20 µs.

Te mahi pai rawa atu:Ngā wā katoa whakatauritehia tō pūnaha ine ki ngā taura whakamātautau tuturuka whakamahia e koe, tuhia tetahi taupatupatu ngaohiko, me tangohia mai i te pānui whakamutungaMā tēnei ka whakarite ngā inenga taumata tiaki ngaohiko tika (VPR)mō ia SPD.

Āhea me Whakakapi tō SPD i muri i te Whakamātautau

Te mōhio āhea me whakakapi he taputapu tiaki ngaru (SPD)he mea nui kia kore ai e pau te wā mahi me te utu nui.

Whakakapia tonutia tētahi SPDmēnā he tawhā neke atu i te 10% te rerekētanga mai i tōna inenga taketakeKo ngā tohu matua ko:

1.Te rerenga o te au >1 mA

2.Ka piki ake te taumata tiaki ngaohiko (VPR) >10%

3.Neke atu i te 70 °C te pāmahana o te kēhi SPD

Ngā wā katoa tuhia te rā whakakapingame whakahokia te SPD tawhito ki te wheketeremō te tātari rahunga. Mā tēnei ka whakarite te whakahaere koungaā, ka āwhina ki te aukati i ngā raruraru anō i roto i ngā whakaurunga pūngao rā, ahumahi rānei.

Me whakatakoto e au he rā mō te maramataka?

Ae rawa. Tae noa Ka taea e ngā SPD e āhua tino pai ana te pirau i roto i te wāKia mau tonu te pono te tiaki i te ngaru, ka tūtohu mātou:

1.Ngā pāmu pūngao rā:whakakapinga hōtaka i ia e rima tau

2.Ngā panera motuka ahumahi:whakakapinga hōtaka i ia e toru tau

Ka whiwhi ia SPD i tētahi Tapatapa QR-waeheree whakaatu ana i te rā paunga e whai ake nei. Ka taea e ngā kiritaki matawai hei whai i ngā wātaka whakakapinga, te whakarite i ngā whakawhiti i te wā tika, me te karo i ngā hapa ohorere. Whakaarohia he whakamaharatanga "whakakapinga hinu" mō ō taputapu tiaki ngaru.

 Ka taea e au te whakahou i tētahi Varistor, i tētahi SPD rānei, kaua e whakakapi?

Kāore i te tūtohutia te whakahou i tētahi varistor, i tētahi SPD rānei.He uku kua whakakāhia te varistor; ina rewa ōna kakano i te ngaru, ka noho hei ātete tuturu, ā, kāore e taea te tiaki i tō pūnaha. He maha ngā wā ka ngana ki te whakamahi anō i ngā whare, i ngā SPD tawhito rānei. he nui ake te utu i te utu o tētahi waeine hou.

Mō te oranga tonutanga, ka tukuna e mātou he 5% whiwhinga mō ngā matua SPD kua whakahokia mai, ā, mātou hangarua te konutea waikurame te whai kawenga, me te whakarite kia whai hua te taiao me te ōhanga.

Whakamutunga

Te whakamātautau me te aroturuki i ō SPD i ia wāhe mea nui hei ārai i te kino o ngā taputapu utu nui. te ātete whakamarumaru, te taumata tiaki ngaohiko, me te ia turuturumō ia waeine, me whakakapia ngā SPD e whakaatu ana i ngā tohu o te rahungai mua i te pānga ki ō pūnaha pūngao rā, ki ō pūnaha ahumahi rānei.

Mō ngā taputapu tiaki ngaru (SPD) kua whakamatautauria i mua i tukuna tika mai i tā mātou wheketere Wenzhou ki Tiamana, ki te US rānei, whakapā mai ki a mātou i Wāna@leikexing.comKa whakarite mātou ngā SPD kounga teitei, kua whakamatautauria e te wheketerekua rite mō te tāutanga i te wiki e tū mai nei.