Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te SPD tika mō ngā Pouaka Whakakotahi PV
Kei te maumahara tonu ahau ki te rā i whakangaromia ai te haurua o tō mātou ope e te uira kotahi.
I roto i ngā hēkona tekau, e whā tekau ngā pūwhakawhitiwhiti i ngaro, kotahi maero te taura DC, me te marama katoa o te hua.
I taua wā, i whiriwhiria e au ngā taputapu tiaki ngaru mā te ingoa waitohu.
Inaianei, whai muri i te tekau mā rima tau i roto i te mara, e toru noa ngā tau e whakawhirinaki ana ahau — te ngaohiko DC mōrahi, te iahiko ngaru, me te pihi whakakā wera.
Mena ka ōrite aua mea e toru ki ngā whakaritenga o tō rarangi - hei tauira, 1000 V DC, Imax 40 kA, me te momotu wera kua hangaia - ka tapahia e koe ngā rahunga mara mā te 90%, ā, ka noho pumau tonu tō PPA.
Pānui tonu, ā, māku e whakaatu atu ki a koe ngā tau tika e whakamahia ana e au, ngā whakamātautau e tonoa ana e au mai i ngā wheketere, me te hapa kotahi e nui ake ai te tahua e pau ana i te uira tonu.
Te Tūranga o te SPD i roto i te Haumaru o te Pouaka Whakakotahi PV
I tētahi wā ka whakatuwheratia e au tētahi pouaka whakakotahi kua oti te whakapiripiri mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūwhakarewa 6 kV.
Kua pupuhi te peita, kua hanumi te pae parahi hei puranga kotahi — ā, kāore te pae i whakamahia mō ngā wiki e ono.
I kī te kaiinihua he "mahi a te Atua." I kī ahau he SPD ngaro.
Inaianei ka tāutahia e au ngā parenga ngaru ki roto i ngā pouaka whakakotahi katoa.
Ka āraihia te ngaru hiko ki te 1.5 kV, ka pupuri i te whakatauranga ahi ki te UL 94 V-0, ā, ka waiho kia hokohoko tonu te mana o te inverter i te mea e ngangau tonu ana te tupuhi.
Koinei te inihua iti rawa te utu kua hokona e au.
Te mahi a te ngaru i roto i te pouaka
Ko te taura aho DC he pūihi 200-mita te roa.
Ina pā te uira i roto i te rua kiromita, ka taea e te taura te hopu i te titi 4 kV.
Ki te kore he SPD, ka piko taua pītiti puta noa i te kaipupuri fiusi, ka rewa te fiusi 15 A, ka peke ki te pakitara o te kāpata.
I te 6 000 °C, ka waro te peita, ā, ka waiho te pouaka hei pūtake ahi.
Kei te pupuri tonu ahau i ngā whakaahua o ngā wāhi e toru i tahuna, ā, i roto i ngā pūrongo ahi i tuhia ai te kupu "arc electrical".
I muri i tā mātou tāpiri i ngā SPD ki te hoahoa kotahi, i kī noa te pūrongo e whai ake nei: "kāore he kino."
Me pēhea te rahi o te SPD ki te pouaka
Whai muri i ngā tau o te whakamātautau me ngā rahunga, i whakangawaritia e au taku tukanga whiriwhiri ki ngā whakaurunga e toru:
Ngaohiko pūnaha DC– me neke atu i te Voc i te −20 °C.
Iahiko tukunga ingoa (In)– 20 kA mō ngā āhuarangi ngawari, 40 kA mō ngā takutai moana, ngā rohe rānei e pāngia ana e te uira nui.
Taumata tiaki ngaohiko (Ki runga)– kia noho i raro i te whakatauranga hiko o te inverter (ko te tikanga he 2 kV).
Anei te whakatakotoranga o aua tau i roto i te mahi:
| Ngaohiko pouaka | Taku SPD Uc | I tūtohutia i roto i | Teitei ake |
| 600 V DC | 680 V DC | 20 kA 8/20 µs | 1.8 kV |
| 1000 V DC | 1200V DC | 40 kA 8/20 µs | 2.5 kV |
| 1500 V DC | 1800 V DC | 40 kA 8/20 µs | 3.0 kV |
Kāore au e hoko i tētahi SPD me te kore te Iahiko whakamoti pewa DCkua whakarārangihia ki tana pepa raraunga.
E whakaatu ana tēnā ka taea e ia te motu i te iahiko whai muri me te kore e tatari mo te whakawhiti a te inverter.
E tohe ana hoki ahau ki te pūrongo whakamātautau pine-waenga— e whakaatu ana ka pakaru haumaru te kōwae i raro i te pehanga.
Te wāhi e whakairihia ai e au
Ka whakairihia e au te SPD ki runga i te rēra DIN kotahi me ngā fiusi, me te pupuri i te roa o te waea i raro i te 30 cm, me te takai i te takirua hei whakamutu i te inductance.
Ia henimita tāpiri ka tāpirihia he 10 V i te 1 kA/µs, nō reira ka taea e te 50 henimita o te ngenge te huri i tētahi rawhi 1.5 kV hei āwhata 2 kV.
Ka tāpirihia e au tētahi pakaru iti 3 A ki tōna taha.
Kotahi te pae i Texas e whakawhiti ana i tētahi SPD kua pakaru i raro i te whā meneti.
Me kati tonu te papa i tōna taha — ā, e toru hāora te roa o te whiwhinga moni mai i te rā.
Ngā Whakatauranga Ngaohiko DC me ngā Taumata Tiakitanga Whakamārama
I whakawhirinaki ahau ki tētahi tapanga SPD "1000 V" i mua, kāore i te tirotiro i te tauwehenga pāmahana.
Nā taua hapa i para ai ngā inverters e rua, ā, he nui ake te utu i taku motuka tuatahi.
Inaianei ka whakatauria e au ia SPD ki te 20% i runga ake i te Voc o te rangi makariri, ā, ka whakarite kia 30% te iti iho o te ngaohiko o te kaitahuri i raro i te whakatauranga nekehanga.
Nā taua ture e rua ngā taahiraa i kore ai aku kereme pūtāhui mō ngā tau e rima karapīpiti.
He aha te hiranga o te Voc i te −20 °C
Ka piki te ngaohiko silicon mā te 0.3% ia nekehanga i raro i te 25 °C.
Ka pā te aho e whakaatu ana i te 950 V i te 25 °C ki te 1 090 V i te −20 °C.
Mena he 1 000 V anake te Uc o tō SPD, ka tīmata te turuturu o te iahiko, ka wera, ā, ka pakaru.
I ako ahau i taua akoranga i te ara uaua i Ontario, i te wā i pōuriuri ai ngā kōwae ako tekau mā rua i te pō kotahi.
| Tauwehenga pāmahana | 25 °C Waipiro | -20 °C Waipiro | Me whiwhi te Mini Uc |
| −0.30 %/°C | 950 V | 1,090 V | 1,200V |
| −0.28 %/°C | 1,000 V | 1,140 V | 1,300 V |
| −0.32 %/°C | 1,100V | 1,280V | 1,500 V |
Me pēhea te pānui i te Up, Uc, me te In me te kore he PhD
Uc– te ngaohiko DC mōrahi ka taea e te SPD te tu atu tonu.
Ki runga– te ngaohiko toenga i te wā o te ngaru.
I roto– te ia ka taea e ia te ora tekau mā rima ngā wā kāore he kino.
Ka tuhia e au ēnei tau e toru ki runga i tētahi tapanga kōwhai i roto i ia pouaka whakakotahi.
Ka taea e tetahi tohunga hangarau te whakaū i te ōritenga i roto i ngā hēkona.
Te mahanga huna: te roa o te taura i muri i te SPD
Ka puta te rawhi i ngā pito SPD, engari ka kitea noa iho e tō inverter me te maturuturunga o te taura.
I ine ahau i te 1.8 kV i te SPD, engari i ine ahau i te 2.4 kV i te inverter i te 35 m te tawhiti.
Inaianei ka tāpirihia e au tētahi atu SPD ki te inverter ina neke atu te oma DC i te 20 m.
E $42 te utu, ā, e $12,000 te penapena mō tētahi kaitahuri.
Momo 1 me te Momo 2 SPD – He aha te Rerekētanga
I tukuna mai e tētahi kaiwhakarato ngā wāhanga "Momo 2" mō tētahi pouaka e mau ana ki te anga.
I pā te whiu tuatahi, ā, i mea te pūrongo inihua "he akomanga hē" — i whakakahoretia te kereme.
I tēnei rā, ka whakamahia e au ngā SPD Momo 1 mō ngā pouaka e herea ana ki tētahi anga uira, me ngā waeine Momo 2 mō ngā pouaka e wehea ana i tawhiti atu i te rua tekau mita.
Mā taua rerekētanga kotahi e whakatau mēnā ka mate te ngaru i waho, ka rere tika rānei ki roto i tō rūma hurihuri.
Ko te ngaru whakamātautau e tino hira ana
Momo 1– i whakamatautauria ki te ngaru 10/350 µs (utu 25 C), e whakatauira ana i te pānga tika.
Momo 2– i whakamatautauria ki te ngaru 8/20 µs, e whakatauira ana i te ngaru i puta mai.
Ka whakapirihia e au ngā ngaru e rua ki roto i ia ota hoko.
I tētahi wā ka ngana tētahi kaiwhakarato ki te hoko mai i ngā wāhanga "Momo 1+2" me te whakamātautau 8/20 µs anake i rārangihia.
I whakakahoretia e au te rota i mua i tōna taenga ki ngā tari taake.
Te rerekētanga utu i roto i ngā tāra tūturu
| Akomanga | Utu mō ia pou | Imax 10/350 | Imax 8/20 |
| Momo 1 | 28 USD | 25 kA | — |
| Momo 2 | 12 USD | — | 40 kA |
Mō tētahi wāhi e 200 MW te kaha, he $64,000 te uara o tēnā —engari ko te utu mō tētahi aho inverter pakaru he $120,000.
Taku whakatau: Patohia te 1 ki te kaiwhakakotahi tuatahi o ia rarangi, Patohia te 2 ki te toenga.
Ka penapenahia e ia te 42% o te tahua, ā, ka ea tonu te hiahia o ngā kaiinihua katoa.
Me pēhea te kite i tētahi ranu rūpahu
Ko ētahi tapanga e karanga ana "T1+T2," engari i roto he varistor 40 kA 8/20 µs noa iho.
Ka tirohia tonutia e au Iimpme pūngao motuhake (MJ)ngā uara kei runga i te pepa raraunga.
Ki te ngaro rātou, ka hoki atu ahau.
Kātahi ka manatokohia e au te nama kōnae UL 1449 i runga ipurangi i a te kaihoko tonu e kōrero ana.
Ngā Tohutohu Tāutanga mō ngā Pūrere Tiaki Ngaru Rā
I tētahi wā ka hurihia e au te aho me te uta i tētahi SPD hou, ka mātakitaki i te varistor e peke ana i runga i te kāpata.
Nā te nui o te pakū, ka tukua te kawhe e te kaitiaki.
Ināianei ka honoa e au ngā SPD katoa ki te parahi aho 10 AWG, ka pupuri i te horahanga koropiko i raro i te 5 cm², ā, ka tāpirihia he pakaru DIN 32 A kia taea ai e te tīma te whakakapi i te wāhi tonu.
Nā ēnei tikanga i whakapoto te wā whakatika toharite ki te waru meneti noa iho.
Te tāutanga taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa Ka whakaako ahau i ngā ākonga katoa
1.Whakamatea te aho ki te pana DC, ka tatari kia
2Whakamaua te SPD i te taha o ngā fiusi, ko te pū tāuru kei runga.
3.Wetewetehia te 6 mm anake o te whakamarumaru — kia mau tonu te āputa hau.
4.Taipana ki te 1.2 Nm — ka tāpirihia e ngā tīwiri wetekina he 50 °C o te wera.
5Tāpirihia he whati hiko 32 A kua tohua KAITAHI SPDi te reo Pākehā me te reo Pāniora.
Ka whakaahuahia e au ia hononga ka tukuatu ki tā mātou kōpaki kapua.
Ina tono mai ngā kaiinihua i ētahi taunakitanga, ka tukuna atu e au te hononga i mua i te tina.
Ko te mahi whakatū whenua kāore tetahi e tuhi iho
Whakahaerehia he waea kakariki-kōwhai motuhake 6 mm² te rahi mai i te whenua o te SPD tika ki te pae whenua pouaka.
Kaua rawa e whakawhiti i te mekameka mā roto i ētahi atu taputapu — ka tāpirihia e tēnā he 0.5 Ω, ā, ka hiki ake te rawhi mā te 500 V i te 1 kA.
I whakaū ahau i tēnei me te whānuitanga 50 MHz; kāore ngā tau e teka.
Ngā taputapu e puritia ana e au i roto i te taraka
| Utauta | Whakamahia |
| Atekōkiri taipana | Tika tonu ki te 1.2 Nm, ka ārai i te kume-rahi |
| Waea 10 AWG | Kua tapahia i mua he 25 cm, whero / mangu |
| Ngā here reti | Puritia te koropiko kia papatahi, tapahia ngā hiku kia ōrite |
| Kāmera IR | Ka kitea ngā varistor wera i mua i te pahūtanga |
I muri i ia mahi, ka matawaihia e au te waehere QR a te SPD, ka tuhi i te rā.
E whakamahara mai ana te taupānga kia tirohia anō ahau i te tau tuarua.
Mai i taku tīmatanga i taua mahi, kua roa mātou kāore he hinganga ohorere.
Whakamutunga
Kōwhiria te SPD tika kotahi, ā, ka moe koe i roto i ngā tupuhi katoa.
Tukuna mai tō hiko o te arai me tō tauwāhi pae —
Māku e taurite te parenga ngaru e hiahiatia ana e koe i mua i te putanga mai o te kapua whatitiri e whai ake nei.