He Aratohu Katoa ki te SPD mō ngā Pūnaha PV me te Parenga Ngaru Rā
He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ahau e te ahotea ina kite ahau i ngā kaupapa hiko pūngao rā e pakaru ana i ngā ngaru ohorere, nō reira ka whakawhirinaki ahau ki tētahi Pūrere Tiaki Ngaru kia pumau ai ia pūnaha.
He Pūrere Tiaki Ngaru Ka tiaki i ngā pūnaha PV mā te tahuri ke i ngā pikinga ngaohiko kino mai i ngā panera, ngā inverters, me ngā ara iahiko hiko. Ka whakaiti i te wā kore mahi, ka ārai i te rahunga o ngā taputapu, ā, ka whakarite i te haumaru mō te wā roa mō ngā taha AC me DC o tētahi tāutanga pūngao rā.
I roto i tēnei aratohu, ka ārahi ahau i a koe i roto i ngā wāhanga katoa o te tiakitanga o ngā ngaru hiko o te rā kia taea ai e koe te whakatau hangarau māia mō tētahi kaupapa PV.
He aha te SPD me te aha e hiahiatia ai e ngā pūnaha PV rā
I kite ahau i ngā pūnaha PV e hinga ana nā te kaha nui rawa atu, nō reira inaianei kāore au e hoahoa i tētahi kaupapa me te kore he mana tika. Pūrere Tiaki Ngaru kei te wāhi.
Ka tiakina e te SPD pūngao rā ngā pūnaha PV mā te mimiti, te huri rānei i ngā ngaru uira, te whakawhiti i ngā whakawhiti, me ngā raruraru ratonga i mua i te taenga atu ki ngā wāhanga tairongo. Ka āwhina i te ārai i te kino o te inverter, ka whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki, ā, ka whakarite kia pumau te wā mahi o te pūnaha.
Ka whakahaerehia ngā tāutanga PV pūngao rā i waho, nō reira ka tūpono tonu rātou ki ngā mōrearea hiko mai i te uira, ngā hapa whatunga, me ngā takahanga whakawhiti. Nā te mea he mea hanga ngā panera me ngā inverters ki te haurua-ira, he tino tairongo rātou ki te ngaohiko iti rawa. I roto i aku mahi me ngā wheketere rerekē me ngā kamupene EPC, kua kite ahau ko te pakaru wawe tata tonu ka puta mai i te pānga o te ngaru kaua ki te pakaru noa. Koia ahau ka whakaaro ai ki te tiaki ngaru hei whakaritenga hoahoa matua, ehara i te mea he taputapu whiriwhiri.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te SPD i roto i ngā Pūnaha Hiko me te Pūnaha Rā
He taputapu te SPD e tuku ana i te ngaohiko tere ki te pūnaha whenua. I roto i ngā pūnaha PV, ka tiakina e ia ngā aho DC, ngā inverter, ngā pouaka whakakotahi, te tohatoha AC, me ngā raina whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.
Ngā Take Noa o ngā Ngaru i roto i ngā Tāutanga PV
Ka pāngia ngā pūnaha PV e ngā ngaru hiko mai i:
• uira (tika, uira rānei)
• ngā mahi whakawhiti
• ngā raruraru whatunga ratonga
• ngā taura roa e whakanui ana i ngā ngaohiko whakawhiti
He aha te Hiranga o te Parenga Ngaru mō ngā Paewhiri Rā me ngā Inverters
Ka ngawari te pakaru o ngā panera me ngā inverters i ngā pikinga tere. Ina toro atu ahau ki ngā wheketere, ko te nuinga o ngā inverters kua pakaru ka kitea he tohu ngaru mārama i runga i te atamira whakauru. Mā ngā SPD tika ka tino whakaitihia tēnei mōrearea.
Te Mahi a te Hangarau MOV i roto i ngā Pūrere Ārai Ngaru
E maumahara ana ahau ki te wā tuatahi i whakatuwherahia ai e au tētahi SPD rahua; i kōrerotia e te poraka MOV te pūrākau katoa mō te āhua o te pūnaha i pā ki tētahi ngaru nui.
Ka taea e te hangarau MOV te Pūrere Tiaki Ngaru hei pupuri i te ngaohiko tiketike mā te neke mai i te ātete tiketike ki te ātete iti i roto i ngā maikorohekona. Ka mimiti i te kaha nui ka tukuna haumaru ki te whenua i mua i te kino o te taputapu.
Ko te MOV te ngākau o te nuinga o ngā hoahoa SPD ahumahi. He maha aku whakamārama ki ngā tīma hokohoko ko te kounga o te MOV te mea e whakatau ana i te pumau mō te wā roa. Ko te tikanga o te MOV ngoikore ko te hekenga wawe me ngā taumata tiaki kore e taea te matapae. Koia te take e hiahia ana ngā wheketere pono te tiaki i ngā ngaru mō ngā wheketere Whakamātauria te whanonga MOV i raro i ngā huringa ahotea auau i mua i te whakaae i tētahi kaiwhakarato.
He aha te MOV me āna mahi
He rite te mahi a te MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor) ki tētahi ātete e whakawhirinaki ana ki te ngaohiko. Ina noa te ngaohiko, ka aukati i te iahiko. Ina piki ake te ngaohiko i tōna paepae, ka tukuna tonutia te ngaru ki te whenua.
Te Whanoke MOV i te Wā o ngā Piki Ngaohiko
I te wā e piki ana te kaha, ka heke tere te ātete MOV, ka hangaia he ara haumaru mō te iahiko ngaru. I muri i te whakakī, ka hoki anō ki te ātete teitei.
Ngā Aratau Rahunga MOV me ngā Whakaaro Haumaru
Ko ngā momo rahunga MOV noa ko te wera nui, te pakaru, me te rere wera. Koia ahau e taunaki tonu ana i ngā kōwae momotu wera mō ngā PV SPD.
Ngā momo taputapu tiaki ngaru e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha rā
Whai muri i ngā tau maha o te whakahaere i ngā arotake wheketere me ngā kaupapa pūngao rā, i ako ahau mā te whiriwhiri i te momo SPD tika e whakatau mēnā ka ora te pūnaha PV i te wā o te uira.
Momo 1, Momo 2, me ngā Momo 3 SPD e whakarato ana i ngā taumata rerekē o te tiakitanga mai i te uira me ngā ngaru whakawhiti. Ka whakahaere te Momo 1 i te uira tika, ka whakahaere te Momo 2 i te ngaohiko nui, ā, ka tiaki te Momo 3 i ngā taputapu mutunga me ngā hiko tairongo.
He maha ngā tīma hoko e aro ana ki ngā rerekētanga utu i waenga i ngā momo SPD, engari e whakamārama tonu ana ahau he rerekē te mahi a ia momo. Ka pai ake te mahi a te pūnaha ina whakaritea hei mekameka tiaki katoa. Ko ngā kamupene EPC pūngao rā e peke ana i tētahi momo ka tūpono ki ngā rahunga inverter i ngā wā o te awha. Kei raro nei he whakataurite tere:
Ripanga 1 – Ngā Momo SPD me ā rātou Mahi
| Momo SPD | Parenga Matua | Tauwāhi Noa | Taumata Pupuhi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Momo 1 | Te au o te uira | Papa AC matua | Tino Teitei |
| Momo 2 | Ngaohiko nui | Ngā tāurunga DC/AC hurihuri | Waenga |
| Momo 3 | Ngā taputapu pūrua | Ngā papa whakahaere | Iti |
Momo 1 SPD mō te Parenga Uira
Whakamahia ana ki ngā tomokanga ratonga hei tuku i ngā ia uira nui.
Momo 2 SPD mō te Parenga Ngaohiko Nui
Kua tāutahia ki te taha o ngā inverters hei tiaki i te whakawhiti me ngā ngaru hiko kua puta.
Momo 3 SPD mō te Tiakitanga Pūrere Whakamutunga
E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ara iahiko whakahaere tairongo.
Te Kōwhiri i te SPD Tika mō ngā Tono PV
Ka whakataurite tonu ahau i te momo SPD ki te taumata uira, te ngaohiko tāutanga, te aro o ngā taputapu, me ngā āhuatanga whenua.
Aratohu Tāutanga SPD mō ngā Paewhiri PV me ngā Inverters
He maha ngā kaupapa kua kite ahau i te hinganga nā te mea i tāutahia te SPD ki te wāhi hē, ahakoa he kounga teitei te taputapu.
Me tāuta ngā SPD ki te taha o ngā taputapu e tiakina ana, me ngā taura poto, te polarity tika, te whenua tika, me te momo SPD tika i ngā taha AC me DC o te pūnaha PV.
Ko te tāutanga tika te mea nui atu i te waitohu. Ahakoa te SPD ahumahi pai rawa atu, ka kore e whai hua mēnā he roa rawa te rere o te taura. He maha aku whakaaturanga ki ngā tohunga hangarau me pēhea te whakaneke rua o te ngaohiko toenga e te taura tāpiri 20-cm, ka taea ai te whakangaro i te papa whakauru inverter.
Te wāhi hei tāuta i te SPD i roto i te pūnaha PV
Me whakanoho ngā SPD ki Ngā pouaka whakakotahi DC, ngā tāurunga DC inverter, ngā putanga AC inverter, me te tohatoha AC matua.
Ngā Hipanga Tāutanga SPD taha DC
• hono atu ki ia tāuru aho
• kia ōrite te polarity
• kia mau te roa o te taura i raro i te 0.5 m
Ngā Hipanga Tāutanga SPD taha AC
• tāuta tata ki ngā pūrua putanga inverter
• hono atu ki te whenua PE
• whai i ngā ture waea pūnaha TN/TT
Ngā Hapa Tāutanga Noa hei Ārai
Ko ngā hapa nui ko ngā taura roa, te ngaro o te whenua, te momo SPD hē, me te whakatauranga ngaohiko hē.
Ngā Whakaritenga Tiaki Ngaru DC me te AC mō ngā Pūnaha Rā
He maha aku tirotiro i ngā pae PV kāore te whakatauranga SPD e ōrite ki te ngaohiko ara iahiko tuwhera o te rarangi, ka puta he mōrearea huna mō te pūnaha katoa.
Me ōrite ngā PV SPD ki te whakatauranga ngaohiko DC, te whakatauranga whatunga AC, te pūnaha whenua, ngā ture whakaritenga, me te kāwai tāutanga hei whakarite i te tiakitanga pumau puta noa i te pūnaha PV katoa.
Kei raro nei te ripanga whakatairite whakatauranga e kitea ana e te nuinga o ngā tīma hokohoko he whai hua:
Ripanga 2 – Ngā Whakaritenga Whakatauranga SPD mō ngā Tāutanga PV
| Tawhā | Taha DC | Taha AC |
|---|---|---|
| Whakatauranga Ngaohiko | Reo × 1.2 | 230/400V noa |
| Whakatauranga o nāianei | 20–40kA | 20–65kA |
| Momo | Momo 2 | Momo 1/2 |
Ngā Whakatauranga Ngaohiko me te Au mō te PV SPD
Me whakataurite tonu te Ucpv a te SPD ki te Voc mōrahi o te rarangi i raro i ngā pāmahana makariri.
Ngā Whakaritenga Whenua me te Whenua
Ka tino whakaitihia te kaha o te ngaru hiko e te whenua pai. Ka tirohia tonutia e au te ātete whenua i mua i te tāutanga o te SPD.
Te Whakaritenga SPD i waenganui i ngā taha AC me DC
Whakamahia te Momo 1 ki te papaaho AC matua, me te Momo 2 ki te taha o te inverter kia pai ai te taunga.
SPD me te Surge Arrester: Ngā Rerekētanga Matua mō te Tiakitanga PV
He maha ngā kaihoko e pātai mai ana mēnā me whakamahi rātou i te SPD, i te aukati ngaru rānei, ā, ko taku whakautu tonu: he rerekē ā rātou mahi.
Ka ārai te pūmau ngaru i ngā uira nui o waho, ko te SPD ia ka tiaki i ngā taputapu mai i te ngaohiko nui o waho me roto. He pai te whakamahi i ngā mea e rua mō te nuinga o ngā pūnaha PV.
Ripanga 3 – SPD vs Pūmau Whakaoho
| Āhuatanga | SPD | Pūmau Pupuhi |
|---|---|---|
| Te Tiakitanga | Ngā ngaru ā-roto + ā-waho | Te uira te nuinga |
| Tere | Tere ake | Pōturi ake |
| Whakamahinga PV | Ngā kaitahuri, ngā aho DC | Tomokanga ratonga |
Te Mahi a ngā Pūmau Pupuhi me ngā Pūmau Whakaoho Pupuhi
Ka tukuna e ngā ārai ngaru te kaha uira nui engari ka puhoi ake te urupare atu i ngā SPD.
Ko tēhea te mea pai mō te tiaki i te uira PV
He pai ake te tiaki a ngā SPD i ngā hiko tairongo, ko ngā ārai ia e tiaki ana i te hanganga o te whare.
Āhea te Whakamahi i ngā Mea e Rua i roto i tētahi Tāutanga Pūngao Rā
Ka whakamahia tonutia e au ngā mea e rua mō ngā kaupapa PV nui, mō ngā kaupapa morearea nui rānei.
Whakamutunga
Whakamahia he kounga teitei Pūrere Tiaki Ngaru kia noho haumaru, kia mau tonu, kia rite hoki ngā pūnaha hiko pūngao rā katoa mō te whakamahinga mō te wā roa.
Ngā Pātai Auau mō te SPD, MOV, me te Tiakitanga Uira mō te Rā
Ka taea e au te whakamahi i ngā SPD e rua i roto i te raupapa?
Āe, mena ka whaihia ngā ture whakaritenga.
Me whakamahi te AC, te DC rānei i te SPD mō ngā panera rā?
Me tiaki ngā taha AC me DC.
Kia pēhea te roa o te SPD?
Ko te tikanga 5–10 tau i runga i te pānga o te ngaru nui.
He aha ngā mea ka puta ina hinga te SPD?
Ka momotuhia ki roto hei karo i te mōrearea ahi.